近日，意大利国际高等教育学院(SISSA)的Andrea Richaud与意大利特伦托大学的Alessio Recati等人合作并取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们探究了平面超流体中质量驱动的涡旋碰撞过程。相关研究成果已于2023年5月26日在国际知名学术期刊《物理评论A》上发表。

在这项研究中，研究人员验证了有质量的涡旋能够发生碰撞，而无质量的涡旋则不具备这种特性。他们提出了一种方案，可以在量子涡旋成对的情况下生成可控、可重复、确定性的碰撞事件。研究人员展示了两种由质量驱动的基本过程：（i）两个反向旋转的涡旋的湮灭和（ii）两个同向旋转的涡旋的合并。这些发现揭示了新的机制，支持不可压缩动能向可压缩动能的转换，并在平面超流体中实现了双量子化涡旋的稳定化现象。

据悉，量子涡旋通常具有有效的惯性质量，这是由于其核心中存在具质量粒子等因素所致。这些"有质量的涡旋"展示了超流涡旋动力学的标准图像之外的新现象，该标准图像忽略了质量的影响。

附：英文原文

Title: Mass-driven vortex collisions in flat superfluids

Author: Andrea Richaud, Giacomo Lamporesi, Massimo Capone, Alessio Recati

Issue&Volume: 2023/05/26

Abstract: Quantum vortices are often endowed with an effective inertial mass, due, for example, to massive particles in their cores. Such “massive vortices” display new phenomena beyond the standard picture of superfluid vortex dynamics, where mass is neglected. In this work, we demonstrate that massive vortices are allowed to collide, as opposed to their massless counterparts. We propose a scheme to generate controllable, repeatable, deterministic collisional events in pairs of quantum vortices. We demonstrate two mass-driven fundamental processes: (i) the annihilation of two counter-rotating vortices and (ii) the merging of two corotating vortices, thus pointing out new mechanisms supporting incompressible-to-compressible kinetic-energy conversion, as well as doubly quantized vortex stabilization in flat superfluids.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.107.053317

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.053317