瑞士日内瓦大学Guillet Sbastien的研究小组报道，月食揭示了中世纪火山活动时间和对气候的影响。2023年4月5日出版的《自然》发表了这项成果。

研究小组利用当代月全食报告分析，揭示了在HMP期间火山爆发的新情况，从中得出平流层浊度的时间序列。通过将这一新纪录与气溶胶模型模拟和基于树木年轮的气候替代物相结合，研究人员更改了五个著名火山爆发的估计时间，并分别将其与平流层气溶胶遮盖物联系起来。接下来的五次火山爆发，大约1182 CE，其中一次的爆发造成了格陵兰上空的高硫沉积，只影响了对流层，对气候影响不大。研究结果为进一步研究火山爆发的十年到百年尺度的气候响应提供了支持。

据了解，爆炸性火山活动是年际到百年尺度气候变化的主要因素。要了解火山爆发引起的气候变化的远场社会影响，需要对火山硫酸盐气溶胶的负荷和高度(即平流层和对流层)进行可靠的事件年代学和可靠估计。然而，尽管冰芯测年不断进步，这些关键因素仍然存在不确定性。尤其阻碍了对中世纪晚期(HMP，1100 - 1300CE )大规模、时间上集中的火山爆发的作用的研究，这些火山爆发暗示了，从温暖的中世纪气候异常向小冰期的过渡。

附：英文原文

Title: Lunar eclipses illuminate timing and climate impact of medieval volcanism

Author: Guillet, Sbastien, Corona, Christophe, Oppenheimer, Clive, Lavigne, Franck, Khodri, Myriam, Ludlow, Francis, Sigl, Michael, Toohey, Matthew, Atkins, Paul S., Yang, Zhen, Muranaka, Tomoko, Horikawa, Nobuko, Stoffel, Markus

Issue&Volume: 2023-04-05

Abstract: Explosive volcanism is a key contributor to climate variability on interannual to centennial timescales. Understanding the far-field societal impacts of eruption-forced climatic changes requires firm event chronologies and reliable estimates of both the burden and altitude (that is, tropospheric versus stratospheric) of volcanic sulfate aerosol. However, despite progress in ice-core dating, uncertainties remain in these key factors. This particularly hinders investigation of the role of large, temporally clustered eruptions during the High Medieval Period (HMP, 1100–1300CE), which have been implicated in the transition from the warm Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age. Here we shed new light on explosive volcanism during the HMP, drawing on analysis of contemporary reports of total lunar eclipses, from which we derive a time series of stratospheric turbidity. By combining this new record with aerosol model simulations and tree-ring-based climate proxies, we refine the estimated dates of five notable eruptions and associate each with stratospheric aerosol veils. Five further eruptions, including one responsible for high sulfur deposition over Greenland circa 1182CE, affected only the troposphere and had muted climatic consequences. Our findings offer support for further investigation of the decadal-scale to centennial-scale climate response to volcanic eruptions.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05751-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05751-z