丹麦奥胡斯大学Stig Uggerhøj Andersen等研究人员的最新发现表明，巨大的二倍体蚕豆基因组解开全球蛋白质作物的变异之谜。2023年3月8日，《自然》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员报告了一个高质量的染色体尺度的蚕豆基因组组装，并表明它已经通过扩增和消除逆转录基因和卫星重复的速度之间的不平衡而扩大到一个巨大的13Gb大小。基因和重组事件均匀地分散在各条染色体上，考虑到基因组的大小，基因空间非常紧凑，尽管在串联复制的驱动下存在大量的拷贝数变化。为了证明基因组序列的实际应用，研究人员开发了一个有针对性的基因分型检测，并使用高分辨率的全基因组关联分析来剖析种子大小和种脐颜色的遗传基础。这个资源构成了一个基于基因组学的蚕豆育种平台，使育种者和遗传学家能够加速改善整个地中海、亚热带和北温带农业生态区的可持续蛋白质生产。

据悉，在目前肉类丰富的饮食中增加当地生产的植物蛋白的比例，可以大大减少温室气体排放和生物多样性的损失。然而，由于缺乏在农艺价值上与大豆相当的冷季豆科植物，植物蛋白的生产受到了阻碍。蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）具有很高的产量潜力，非常适合在温带地区种植，但基因组资源却很匮乏。

附：英文原文

Title: The giant diploid faba genome unlocks variation in a global protein crop

Author: Jayakodi, Murukarthick, Golicz, Agnieszka A., Kreplak, Jonathan, Fechete, Lavinia I., Angra, Deepti, Bedn, Petr, Bornhofen, Elesandro, Zhang, Hailin, Boussageon, Raphal, Kaur, Sukhjiwan, Cheung, Kwok, kov, Jana, Gundlach, Heidrun, Hallab, Asis, Imbert, Baptiste, Keeble-Gagnre, Gabriel, Koblkov, Andrea, Kobrlov, Lucie, Krej, Petra, Mouritzen, Troels W., Neumann, Pavel, Nadzieja, Marcin, Nielsen, Linda Krgaard, Novk, Petr, Orabi, Jihad, Padmarasu, Sudharsan, Robertson-Shersby-Harvie, Tom, Robledillo, Laura vila, Schiemann, Andrea, Tanskanen, Jaakko, Trnen, Petri, Warsame, Ahmed O., Wittenberg, Alexander H. J., Himmelbach, Axel, Aubert, Grgoire, Courty, Pierre-Emmanuel, Doleel, Jaroslav, Holm, Liisa U., Janss, Luc L., Khazaei, Hamid, Macas, Ji, Mascher, Martin, Smkal, Petr, Snowdon, Rod J., Stein, Nils, Stoddard, Frederick L., Stougaard, Jens, Tayeh, Nadim, Torres, Ana M., Usadel, Bjrn, Schubert, Ingo, OSullivan, Donal Martin, Schulman, Alan H., Andersen, Stig Uggerhj

Issue&Volume: 2023-03-08

Abstract: Increasing the proportion of locally produced plant protein in currently meat-rich diets could substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions and loss of biodiversity1. However, plant protein production is hampered by the lack of a cool-season legume equivalent to soybean in agronomic value2. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) has a high yield potential and is well suited for cultivation in temperate regions, but genomic resources are scarce. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the faba bean genome and show that it has expanded to a massive 13Gb in size through an imbalance between the rates of amplification and elimination of retrotransposons and satellite repeats. Genes and recombination events are evenly dispersed across chromosomes and the gene space is remarkably compact considering the genome size, although with substantial copy number variation driven by tandem duplication. Demonstrating practical application of the genome sequence, we develop a targeted genotyping assay and use high-resolution genome-wide association analysis to dissect the genetic basis of seed size and hilum colour. The resources presented constitute a genomics-based breeding platform for faba bean, enabling breeders and geneticists to accelerate the improvement of sustainable protein production across the Mediterranean, subtropical and northern temperate agroecological zones.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05791-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05791-5