德国维尔茨堡大学Georg Gasteiger研究组发现，循环NK细胞在皮肤急性感染时建立组织驻留，并介导对继发感染的加速效应反应。该研究于2023年12月28日在线发表于国际一流学术期刊《免疫》。

研究人员揭示了循环中的常规自然杀伤（cNK）细胞是否能在急性感染后发育成长寿命的组织驻留NK（trNK）细胞。研究人员发现，皮肤的病毒和细菌感染会引发cNK细胞的招募，并分化成Tcf1^hiCD69^hi trNK细胞，这些细胞与人体组织中的CD56^brightTCF1^hi NK细胞在转录上具有相似性。

皮肤trNK细胞来自产生干扰素（IFN）-γ的效应细胞，需要限制转录调节因子Blimp1的表达，以优化Tcf1依赖性trNK细胞的形成。继发感染后，trNK细胞迅速获得效应功能，并介导加速的NK细胞反应。因此，cNK细胞通过一种促进组织驻留的机制重新分布并永久驻留在先前感染的部位，这种机制不同于NK细胞和ILC1在本体发育过程中播种组织的Hobit依赖性发育路径。

据介绍，NK细胞存在于血液循环中，也可驻留在组织中，这些细胞群表现出不同的发育要求，并被认为在本体发生方面存在差异。

附：英文原文

Title: Circulating NK cells establish tissue residency upon acute infection of skin and mediate accelerated effector responses to secondary infection

Author: Tommaso Torcellan, Christin Friedrich, Rémi Doucet-Ladevèze, Thomas Ossner, Virgínia Visaconill Solé, Sofie Riedmann, Milas Ugur, Fabian Imdahl, Stephan P. Rosshart, Sebastian J. Arnold, Mercedes Gomez de Agüero, Nicola Gagliani, Richard A. Flavell, Simone Backes, Wolfgang Kastenmüller, Georg Gasteiger

Issue&Volume: 2023-12-28

Abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells are present in the circulation and can also be found residing in tissues, and these populations exhibit distinct developmental requirements and are thought to differ in terms of ontogeny. Here, we investigate whether circulating conventional NK (cNK) cells can develop into long-lived tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells following acute infections. We found that viral and bacterial infections of the skin triggered the recruitment of cNK cells and their differentiation into Tcf1hiCD69hi trNK cells that share transcriptional similarity with CD56brightTCF1hi NK cells in human tissues. Skin trNK cells arose from interferon (IFN)-γ-producing effector cells and required restricted expression of the transcriptional regulator Blimp1 to optimize Tcf1-dependent trNK cell formation. Upon secondary infection, trNK cells rapidly gained effector function and mediated an accelerated NK cell response. Thus, cNK cells redistribute and permanently position at sites of previous infection via a mechanism promoting tissue residency that is distinct from Hobit-dependent developmental paths of NK cells and ILC1 seeding tissues during ontogeny.

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.11.018

Source: https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(23)00500-9