研究人员对这些事件中格陵兰岛和南极冰芯进行了高分辨率硫同位素测量，为这些火山喷发提供了一种改进硫负荷预估的方法。在每一种情况下，最大的重建树木年轮冷却都与温带火山喷发有关，这些事件的高海拔平流层硫酸盐负荷比以前的估计要小得多(最多两倍)。
研究结果表明，重建的北半球夏季温度响应对温带火山爆发的敏感性增加。这些反馈和过程放大并延长了来自高纬度地区的冷却信号（如海冰范围和海洋热含量的变化），突出了气候反馈和过程的重要性。
据介绍，540s、1450s 和1600s 代表了共同时代（CE）中，五个最寒冷的十年中的三个。在每一个例子中，这些冷脉冲的出现都被归因于大规模的火山爆发。然而，火山喷发的来源和强度仍然不确定。
附：英文原文
Title: High sensitivity of summer temperatures to stratospheric sulfur loading from volcanoes in the Northern Hemisphere
Author: Burke, Andrea, Innes, Helen M., Crick, Laura, Anchukaitis, Kevin J., Byrne, Michael P., Hutchison, William, McConnell, Joseph R., Moore, Kathryn A., Rae, James W. B., Sigl, Michael, Wilson, Rob
Issue&Volume: 2023-11-6
Abstract: The 540s, 1450s, and 1600s represent three of the five coldest decades in the Common Era (CE). In each of these cases, the cause of these cold pulses has been attributed to large volcanic eruptions. However, the provenance of the eruption and magnitude of the volcanic forcing remains uncertain. Here, we use high-resolution sulfur isotopes in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores measured across these events to provide a means of improving sulfur loading estimates for these eruptions. In each case, the largest reconstructed tree-ring cooling is associated with an extratropical eruption, and the high-altitude stratospheric sulfate loading of these events is substantially smaller than previous estimates (by up to a factor of two). These results suggest an increased sensitivity of the reconstructed Northern Hemisphere summer temperature response to extratropical eruptions. This highlights the importance of climate feedbacks and processes that amplify and prolong the cooling signal from high latitudes, such as changes in sea ice extent and ocean heat content.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221810120
Source: https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2221810120