美国斯坦福大学Pascal Geldsetzer团队研究了按烟草产品和社会人口特征分层的中低收入国家的烟草使用模式。2022年8月30日出版的《英国医学杂志》发表了这项成果。

为了确定使用任何烟草产品和每一种详细烟草产品的流行率和使用频率，以及各国、世界区域和世界银行国家收入群体之间烟草使用和频率的差异，以及各国内部烟草使用和使用频率的社会经济和人口梯度，研究组对2015年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间收集的82个中低收入国家的具有国家代表性的横断面家庭调查数据进行二次分析。

基于人口的调查数据共涉及1231068名年龄在15岁及以上的个人。主要结局为自我报告的当前吸烟情况、当前每日吸烟情况、当前无烟烟草使用情况、当前每日无烟烟草的使用情况、包装年份以及当前使用和使用每种烟草产品的频率。烟草产品包括任何类型的香烟、成品香烟、手卷香烟、水烟、雪茄、口腔鼻烟、鼻烟、咀嚼烟草和槟榔（含或不含烟草）。

研究样本中的吸烟率为16.5%，从加纳的1.1%至基里巴斯的50.6%不等。无烟烟草的使用流行率为7.7%，其中巴布亚新几内亚的流行率最高（每日使用流行率为65.4%）。尽管各国之间和烟草产品之间差异很大，但在许多中低收入国家，据报告，男性、受教育程度较低、家庭财富较少、生活在农村地区和年龄较高人群的吸烟率和吸烟频率最高。

研究结果表明，在中低收入国家，吸烟和无烟烟草的使用和使用频率在不同烟草产品之间存在很大差异。这项研究可为中低收入国家减少烟草使用努力的设计和目标定位提供信息，并作为监测国家和国际目标进展情况的基准。

附：英文原文

Title: Patterns of tobacco use in low and middle income countries by tobacco product and sociodemographic characteristics: nationally representative survey data from 82 countries

Author: Michaela Theilmann, Julia M Lemp, Volker Winkler, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, Maja E Marcus, Charlotte Probst, William A Lopez-Arboleda, Cara Ebert, Christian Bommer, Maya Mathur, Glennis Andall-Brereton, Silver K Bahendeka, Pascal Bovet, Farshad Farzadfar, Erfan Ghasemi, Mary T Mayige, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Kibachio J Mwangi, Shohreh Naderimagham, Lela Sturua, Rifat Atun, Justine I Davies, Till Brnighausen, Sebastian Vollmer, Pascal Geldsetzer

Issue&Volume: 2022/08/30

Abstract:

Objectives To determine the prevalence and frequency of using any tobacco product and each of a detailed set of tobacco products, how tobacco use and frequency of use vary across countries, world regions, and World Bank country income groups, and the socioeconomic and demographic gradients of tobacco use and frequency of use within countries.

Design Secondary analysis of nationally representative, cross-sectional, household survey data from 82 low and middle income countries collected between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020.

Setting Population based survey data.

Participants 1231068 individuals aged 15 years and older.

Main outcome measures Self-reported current smoking, current daily smoking, current smokeless tobacco use, current daily smokeless tobacco use, pack years, and current use and use frequencies of each tobacco product. Products were any type of cigarette, manufactured cigarette, hand rolled cigarette, water pipe, cigar, oral snuff, nasal snuff, chewing tobacco, and betel nut (with and without tobacco).

Results The smoking prevalence in the study sample was 16.5% (95% confidence interval 16.1% to 16.9%) and ranged from 1.1% (0.9% to 1.3%) in Ghana to 50.6% (45.2% to 56.1%) in Kiribati. The user prevalence of smokeless tobacco was 7.7% (7.5% to 8.0%) and prevalence was highest in Papua New Guinea (daily user prevalence of 65.4% (63.3% to 67.5%)). Although variation was wide between countries and by tobacco product, for many low and middle income countries, the highest prevalence and cigarette smoking frequency was reported in men, those with lower education, less household wealth, living in rural areas, and higher age.

Conclusions Both smoked and smokeless tobacco use and frequency of use vary widely across tobacco products in low and middle income countries. This study can inform the design and targeting of efforts to reduce tobacco use in low and middle income countries and serve as a benchmark for monitoring progress towards national and international goals.

DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067582

Source: https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj-2021-067582