以色列特拉维夫大学Uri Gophna等研究人员合作发现，全球RNA病毒库的扩展揭示出不同的噬菌体支系。相关论文于2022年9月28日在线发表于国际学术期刊《细胞》。
研究人员挖掘了5150个不同的元转录组，并发现了>250万个RNA病毒等位点。对>33万个依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶（RdRP）分析表明，这一扩展相当于已知RNA病毒多样性的5倍。基因内容分析显示了以前在RNA病毒中没有发现的、与病毒-宿主相互作用有关的多个蛋白质结构域。扩展的RdRP系统发育支持五个已建立分类门的单系性，并揭示了两个假定的额外噬菌体门和许多假定的额外类和目。急剧扩张的Lenarviricota门，由细菌和相关的真核病毒组成，现在占RNA病毒群的三分之一。CRISPR间隔和溶菌蛋白的鉴定表明，以前与真核生物有关的picobirnavirus和partitivirus的亚群可感染原核生物宿主。
据悉，高通量RNA测序为探索地球上的RNA病毒组提供了广泛的机会。
附：英文原文
Title: Expansion of the global RNA virome reveals diverse clades of bacteriophages
Author: Uri Neri, Yuri I. Wolf, Simon Roux, Antonio Pedro Camargo, Benjamin Lee, Darius Kazlauskas, I. Min Chen, Natalia Ivanova, Lisa Zeigler Allen, David Paez-Espino, Donald A. Bryant, Devaki Bhaya, Adrienne B. Narrowe, Alexander J. Probst, Alexander Sczyrba, Annegret Kohler, Armand Séguin, Ashley Shade, Barbara J. Campbell, Bjrn D. Lindahl, Brandi Kiel Reese, Breanna M. Roque, Chris DeRito, Colin Averill, Daniel Cullen, David A.C. Beck, David A. Walsh, David M. Ward, Dongying Wu, Emiley Eloe-Fadrosh, Eoin L. Brodie, Erica B. Young, Erik A. Lilleskov, Federico J. Castillo, Francis M. Martin, Gary R. LeCleir, Graeme T. Attwood, Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz, Holly M. Simon, Ian Hewson, Igor V. Grigoriev, James M. Tiedje, Janet K. Jansson, Janey Lee, Jean S. VanderGheynst, Jeff Dangl, Jeff S. Bowman, Jeffrey L. Blanchard, Jennifer L. Bowen, Jiangbing Xu, Jillian F. Banfield, Jody W. Deming, Joel E. Kostka, John M. Gladden, Josephine Z. Rapp, Joshua Sharpe, Katherine D. McMahon, Kathleen K. Treseder, Kay D. Bidle, Kelly C. Wrighton, Kimberlee Thamatrakoln, Klaus Nusslein, Laura K. Meredith, Lucia Ramirez, Marc Buee, Marcel Huntemann, Marina G. Kalyuzhnaya, Mark P. Waldrop, Matthew B. Sullivan, Matthew O. Schrenk, Matthias Hess, Michael A. Vega, Michelle A. O’Malley, Monica Medina, Naomi E. Gilbert, Nathalie Delherbe, Olivia U. Mason, Paul Dijkstra, Peter F. Chuckran, Petr Baldrian, Philippe Constant, Ramunas Stepanauskas, Rebecca A. Daly, Regina Lamendella, Robert J. Gruninger, Robert M. McKay, Samuel Hylander, Sarah L. Lebeis, Sarah P. Esser, Silvia G. Acinas, Steven S. Wilhelm, Steven W. Singer, Susannah S. Tringe, Tanja Woyke, T.B.K. Reddy, Terrence H. Bell, Thomas Mock, Tim McAllister, Vera Thiel, Vincent J. Denef, Wen-Tso Liu, Willm Martens-Habbena, Xiao-Jun Allen Liu, Zachary S. Cooper, Zhong Wang, Mart Krupovic, Valerian V. Dolja, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Eugene V. Koonin, Uri Gophna
Issue&Volume: 2022-09-28
Abstract: High-throughput RNA sequencing offers broad opportunities to explore the Earth RNA virome. Mining 5,150 diverse metatranscriptomes uncovered >2.5 million RNA virus contigs. Analysis of >330,000 RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) shows that this expansion corresponds to a 5-fold increase of the known RNA virus diversity. Gene content analysis revealed multiple protein domains previously not found in RNA viruses and implicated in virus-host interactions. Extended RdRP phylogeny supports the monophyly of the five established phyla and reveals two putative additional bacteriophage phyla and numerous putative additional classes and orders. The dramatically expanded phylum Lenarviricota, consisting of bacterial and related eukaryotic viruses, now accounts for a third of the RNA virome. Identification of CRISPR spacer matches and bacteriolytic proteins suggests that subsets of picobirnaviruses and partitiviruses, previously associated with eukaryotes, infect prokaryotic hosts.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.023
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)01118-7