为了测试宿主和微生物群的共生，研究人员分析了欧洲、亚洲和非洲1225名人类的成对肠道元基因组和人类基因组，包括母亲和孩子。在国家之间和国家内部，人类和他们的肠道微生物都有明显的平行演化史。此外，显示出最强共同多样化的物种独立地演化出对宿主依赖的特征，包括基因组的减少和对氧气和温度的敏感性。这些发现都表明，了解群体特定的微生物菌株在微生物介导的疾病表型中的潜在作用非常重要。
据介绍，全世界人类的肠道微生物组有许多共同的核心微生物物种。然而，在一个物种内，一些菌株可以显示出显著的群体特异性。问题是这种特异性是否来自于人类和他们的微生物之间共同的演化史（共同多样化）。
附：英文原文
Title: Codiversification of gut microbiota with humans
Author: Taichi A. Suzuki, J. Liam Fitzstevens, Victor T. Schmidt, Hagay Enav, Kelsey E. Huus, Mirabeau Mbong Ngwese, Anne Griehammer, Anne Pfleiderer, Bayode R. Adegbite, Jeannot F. Zinsou, Meral Esen, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Ayola A. Adegnika, Le Huu Song, Timothy D. Spector, Amanda L. Muehlbauer, Nina Marchi, Hyena Kang, Lisa Maier, Ran Blekhman, Laure Ségurel, GwangPyo Ko, Nicholas D. Youngblut, Peter Kremsner, Ruth E. Ley
Issue&Volume: 2022-09-16
Abstract: The gut microbiomes of human populations worldwide have many core microbial species in common. However, within a species, some strains can show remarkable population specificity. The question is whether such specificity arises from a shared evolutionary history (codiversification) between humans and their microbes. To test for codiversification of host and microbiota, we analyzed paired gut metagenomes and human genomes for 1225 individuals in Europe, Asia, and Africa, including mothers and their children. Between and within countries, a parallel evolutionary history was evident for humans and their gut microbes. Moreover, species displaying the strongest codiversification independently evolved traits characteristic of host dependency, including reduced genomes and oxygen and temperature sensitivity. These findings all point to the importance of understanding the potential role of population-specific microbial strains in microbiome-mediated disease phenotypes.
DOI: abm7759
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm7759