以色列魏茨曼科学研究所Eran Elinav等研究人员合作揭示，非营养性甜味剂对人体葡萄糖耐受性的个体化微生物组驱动作用。相关论文于2022年8月19日在线发表在《细胞》杂志上。
研究人员在一项随机对照试验中对非营养性甜味剂（NNS）对人类及其微生物组的影响进行了因果评估，该试验包括120名健康成年人，以低于可接受的每日摄入量的剂量服用糖精、三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜和甜菊糖苷2周，与接受包内葡萄糖载体或无补充剂的对照组相比。作为组别，每个给药的NNS都明显改变了粪便和口腔微生物组以及血浆代谢组，而糖精和三氯蔗糖则明显损害了血糖反应。
重要的是，用来自四个NNS补充组中每个组的多个最高和最低反应者的微生物组常规化的定菌小鼠，其血糖反应基本上反映了在各自的人类供体中注意到的血糖反应，这被不同的微生物信号所取代，如三氯蔗糖的例子。总的来说，人类NNS消耗可能会诱发个人特异的、依赖微生物的血糖变化，需要在未来评估临床意义。
据介绍，NNS通常被纳入人类饮食，并被认为是惰性的；然而，动物研究表明，它们可能影响微生物组和下游的血糖反应。
附：英文原文
Title: Personalized microbiome-driven effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on human glucose tolerance
Author: Jotham Suez, Yotam Cohen, Rafael Valdés-Mas, Uria Mor, Mally Dori-Bachash, Sara Federici, Niv Zmora, Avner Leshem, Melina Heinemann, Raquel Linevsky, Maya Zur, Rotem Ben-Zeev Brik, Aurelie Bukimer, Shimrit Eliyahu-Miller, Alona Metz, Ruthy Fischbein, Olga Sharov, Sergey Malitsky, Maxim Itkin, Noa Stettner, Alon Harmelin, Hagit Shapiro, Christoph K. Stein-Thoeringer, Eran Segal, Eran Elinav
Issue&Volume: 2022-08-19
Abstract: Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are commonly integrated into human diet and presumed to be inert; however, animal studies suggest that they may impact the microbiome and downstream glycemic responses. We causally assessed NNS impacts in humans and their microbiomes in a randomized-controlled trial encompassing 120 healthy adults, administered saccharin, sucralose, aspartame, and stevia sachets for 2 weeks in doses lower than the acceptable daily intake, compared with controls receiving sachet-contained vehicle glucose or no supplement. As groups, each administered NNS distinctly altered stool and oral microbiome and plasma metabolome, whereas saccharin and sucralose significantly impaired glycemic responses. Importantly, gnotobiotic mice conventionalized with microbiomes from multiple top and bottom responders of each of the four NNS-supplemented groups featured glycemic responses largely reflecting those noted in respective human donors, which were preempted by distinct microbial signals, as exemplified by sucralose. Collectively, human NNS consumption may induce person-specific, microbiome-dependent glycemic alterations, necessitating future assessment of clinical implications.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.016
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00919-9