世界卫生组织（WHO）性与生殖健康研究部Claudia García-Moreno团队对2018年全球、地区和国家亲密伴侣对女性的身体或性暴力或两者兼而有之的暴力流行率进行了估计。相关论文于2022年2月16日发表在《柳叶刀》杂志上。

亲密伴侣暴力侵害妇女行为是一个全球公共卫生问题，对妇女及其子女的身心健康有许多短期和长期影响。可持续发展目标（SDGs）要求在具体目标5.2中消除这一点。为了监测各国政府在实现可持续发展目标5.2方面取得的进展，这项研究旨在提供全球、地区和国家对男性亲密伴侣对妇女的身体或性暴力行为（或两者都有）的基线估计。

研究组根据世卫组织暴力侵害妇女普遍程度全球数据库的数据，编制了全球、地区和国家估计数据。这些数据通过对MEDLINE、Global Health、Embase、Social Policy和Web of Science的系统性文献综述，以及对国家统计数据和其他网站的全面搜索来确定。一个国家咨询过程确定了其他研究。纳入的研究是在2000-2018年间进行的，代表国家或地方一级，包括15岁及以上的女性，使用基于行为的措施来衡量来自亲密伴侣的身体或性暴力，或两者兼有。

排除了包括行政数据在内的非基于人口的数据、不能适用于全体人口的研究、结果仅提供身体或性暴力或其他形式暴力的普遍程度的研究、以及数据不足以进行推断或插补的研究。研究组开发了一个贝叶斯多层模型，根据年龄、年份和国家来共同估计终生和过去一年的亲密伴侣暴力。这一框架根据不同年龄组和结果定义的差异进行了校正，并根据其是否具有全国或地方代表性进行了加权调查。

该数据库包括366项合格的研究，收集了200万妇女的调查答复。数据来自161个国家和地区，覆盖了全球妇女和女童（15岁及以上）人口的90%。在全球范围内，估计有27%15-49岁有过伴侣关系的女性在一生中经历过身体或性暴力，或两者都经历过，13%在接受调查前的一年中经历过。

这种暴力开始得很早，影响少女和年轻女性，15-19岁女性中有24%、19-24岁女性中有26%自15岁以来至少经历过一次这种暴力。但这种暴力存在地区差异，低收入国家女性报告遭受暴力的时间更长，更明显的是，与高收入国家相比，过去一年的频率更高。

研究结果表明，在疫情流行之前，亲密伴侣对妇女的暴力行为在全球已非常普遍。尽管有有力证据表明亲密伴侣暴力行为是可以预防的，但各国政府在实现可持续发展目标中关于消除暴力侵害妇女和女童行为的具体目标方面仍未走上正轨。迫切需要投资于有效的多部门干预措施，加强对亲密伴侣暴力的公共卫生应对措施，并确保在疫情后的重建努力中解决这一问题。

附：英文原文

Title: Global, regional, and national prevalence estimates of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence against women in 2018

Author: Lynnmarie Sardinha, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Heidi Stckl, Sarah Rachel Meyer, Claudia García-Moreno

Issue&Volume: 2022-02-16

Abstract:

Background

Intimate partner violence against women is a global public health problem with many short-term and long-term effects on the physical and mental health of women and their children. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for its elimination in target 5.2. To monitor governments' progress towards SDG target 5.2, this study aimed to provide global, regional, and country baseline estimates of physical or sexual, or both, violence against women by male intimate partners.

Methods

This study developed global, regional, and country estimates, based on data from the WHO Global Database on Prevalence of Violence Against Women. These data were identified through a systematic literature review searching MEDLINE, Global Health, Embase, Social Policy, and Web of Science, and comprehensive searches of national statistics and other websites. A country consultation process identified additional studies. Included studies were conducted between 2000 and 2018, representative at the national or sub-national level, included women aged 15 years or older, and used act-based measures of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence. Non-population-based data, including administrative data, studies not generalisable to the whole population, studies with outcomes that only provided the combined prevalence of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence with other forms of violence, and studies with insufficient data to allow extrapolation or imputation were excluded. We developed a Bayesian multilevel model to jointly estimate lifetime and past year intimate partner violence by age, year, and country. This framework adjusted for heterogeneous age groups and differences in outcome definition, and weighted surveys depending on whether they were nationally or sub-nationally representative. This study is registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42017054100).

Findings

The database comprises 366 eligible studies, capturing the responses of 2 million women. Data were obtained from 161 countries and areas, covering 90% of the global population of women and girls (15 years or older). Globally, 27% (uncertainty interval [UI] 23–31%) of ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years are estimated to have experienced physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence in their lifetime, with 13% (10–16%) experiencing it in the past year before they were surveyed. This violence starts early, affecting adolescent girls and young women, with 24% (UI 21–28%) of women aged 15–19 years and 26% (23–30%) of women aged 19–24 years having already experienced this violence at least once since the age of 15 years. Regional variations exist, with low-income countries reporting higher lifetime and, even more pronouncedly, higher past year prevalence compared with high-income countries.

Interpretation

These findings show that intimate partner violence against women was already highly prevalent across the globe before the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments are not on track to meet the SDG targets on the elimination of violence against women and girls, despite robust evidence that intimate partner violence can be prevented. There is an urgent need to invest in effective multisectoral interventions, strengthen the public health response to intimate partner violence, and ensure it is addressed in post-COVID-19 reconstruction efforts.

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02664-7

Source: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)02664-7/fulltext