美国康奈尔大学Iliyan D. Iliev团队发现，黏膜真菌通过17型免疫促进肠道屏障功能和社会行为。这一研究成果于2022年2月16日在线发表在国际学术期刊《细胞》上。

研究人员描述了沿胃肠道的真菌生物地理，并确定了与小鼠和人类的肠粘膜相关的真菌亚群。粘膜相关真菌（MAF）加强了肠道上皮的功能，并保护小鼠免受肠道损伤和细菌感染。值得注意的是，用确定的MAF群体进行肠道定植可以促进小鼠的社会行为。肠道对屏障功能的影响取决于CD4⁺ T辅助细胞产生的IL-22，而对社会行为的影响是通过神经元中IL-17R依赖性的信号传导来介导的。因此，肠道菌群的空间组织与宿主保护性免疫和上皮屏障功能有关，并可能是通过互补的17型免疫机制对小鼠行为进行神经免疫调节的一个驱动因素。

据悉，真菌群（mycobiota）是肠道微生物群的一个组成部分，其完整性的破坏会导致局部和肠道的病症。然而，肠道真菌促进平衡的机制仍不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Mucosal fungi promote gut barrier function and social behavior via Type 17 immunity

Author: Irina Leonardi, Iris H. Gao, Woan-Yu Lin, Megan Allen, Xin V. Li, William D. Fiers, Meghan Bialt De Celie, Gregory G. Putzel, Rhonda K. Yantiss, Melanie Johncilla, Dilek Colak, Iliyan D. Iliev

Issue&Volume: 2022-02-16

Abstract: Fungal communities (the mycobiota) are an integral part of the gut microbiota, andthe disruption of their integrity contributes to local and gut-distal pathologies.Yet, the mechanisms by which intestinal fungi promote homeostasis remain unclear.We characterized the mycobiota biogeography along the gastrointestinal tract and identifieda subset of fungi associated with the intestinal mucosa of mice and humans. Mucosa-associatedfungi (MAF) reinforced intestinal epithelial function and protected mice against intestinalinjury and bacterial infection. Notably, intestinal colonization with a defined consortiumof MAF promoted social behavior in mice. The gut-local effects on barrier functionwere dependent on IL-22 production by CD4+ T helper cells, whereas the effects on social behavior were mediated through IL-17R-dependentsignaling in neurons. Thus, the spatial organization of the gut mycobiota is associatedwith host-protective immunity and epithelial barrier function and might be a driverof the neuroimmune modulation of mouse behavior through complementary Type 17 immunemechanisms.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.017

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00075-7