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研究发现外侧眶额皮层在创建认知地图中的作用
作者:小柯机器人 发布时间:2022/12/28 17:42:30

近日,美国国立卫生研究院Geoffrey Schoenbaum等研究人员合作发现外侧眶额皮层在创建认知地图中的作用。相关论文于2022年12月22日在线发表在《自然—神经科学》杂志上。

研究人员表示,人类使用世界的心理模型(认知地图)来指导行为。外侧眶额皮层(lOFC)通常被认为是通过部署这些地图来支持行为,从而模拟结果,但最近的证据表明,它可能反而通过潜在的地图创建来支持行为。
 
研究人员使用结果特异性贬值和高效力的化学遗传学方法对这两种选择进行了测试。在雄性大鼠学习不同的线索-结果关联时,但在结果贬值之前,选择性地使lOFC主神经元失活破坏了随后的推理,这证实了lOFC在创建新地图中的作用。然而,lOFC的失活竟然导致了普遍的贬值,这一结果与完全的映射失败是不一致的。通过使用强化学习框架,研究人员表明这种效应最好的解释是在地图构建过程中信用分配精度的限定缺陷,这表明lOFC在定义构成认知地图的关联特殊性方面具有选择性作用。
 
附:英文原文

Title: The role of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex in creating cognitive maps

Author: Costa, Kau Machado, Scholz, Robert, Lloyd, Kevin, Moreno-Castilla, Perla, Gardner, Matthew P. H., Dayan, Peter, Schoenbaum, Geoffrey

Issue&Volume: 2022-12-22

Abstract: We use mental models of the world—cognitive maps—to guide behavior. The lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) is typically thought to support behavior by deploying these maps to simulate outcomes, but recent evidence suggests that it may instead support behavior by underlying map creation. We tested between these two alternatives using outcome-specific devaluation and a high-potency chemogenetic approach. Selectively inactivating lOFC principal neurons when male rats learned distinct cue–outcome associations, but before outcome devaluation, disrupted subsequent inference, confirming a role for the lOFC in creating new maps. However, lOFC inactivation surprisingly led to generalized devaluation, a result that is inconsistent with a complete mapping failure. Using a reinforcement learning framework, we show that this effect is best explained by a circumscribed deficit in credit assignment precision during map construction, suggesting that the lOFC has a selective role in defining the specificity of associations that comprise cognitive maps.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01216-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-022-01216-0

 

期刊信息

Nature Neuroscience:《自然—神经科学》,创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:28.771
官方网址:https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接:https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex