棉属作物进化过程中新基因组产生和调控的重新布线，这一成果由华中农业大学Xianlong Zhang和美国爱荷华州立大学Jonathan F. Wendel研究小组经过不懈努力而取得。该研究于2022年12月6日发表于国际学术期刊《自然-遗传学》杂志。

研究人员利用十个具有代表性的二倍体基因组构建了棉属作物的泛基因组。研究人员记录了基因组进化的历史以及谱系特异性转座子扩增对差异基因组组成的影响。泛3D基因组揭示了转座子驱动的基因组大小变异与高阶染色质结构重组和染色质相互作用组重新布线之间的进化关系。研究人员将染色质结构变化与棉纤维的表型差异联系起来，揭示了调控纤维长度的遗传变异，并通过在纤维发育过程中对1,005个转录组进行测序进一步证实。

研究人员展示了泛基因组、泛3D基因组和遗传调控数据能作为追溯可纺棉纤维进化基础的资源。该工作提供了对基因组组织和调控进化的见解，并将通过基于调节组的方法为棉花改良提供信息。

据介绍，表型多样性和进化最终可以追溯到基因组序列变异和调控网络的重新布线。

附：英文原文

Title: Genomic innovation and regulatory rewiring during evolution of the cotton genus Gossypium

Author: Wang, Maojun, Li, Jianying, Qi, Zhengyang, Long, Yuexuan, Pei, Liuling, Huang, Xianhui, Grover, Corrinne E., Du, Xiongming, Xia, Chunjiao, Wang, Pengcheng, Liu, Zhenping, You, Jiaqi, Tian, Xuehan, Ma, Yizan, Wang, Ruipeng, Chen, Xinyuan, He, Xin, Fang, David D., Sun, Yuqiang, Tu, Lili, Jin, Shuangxia, Zhu, Longfu, Wendel, Jonathan F., Zhang, Xianlong

Issue&Volume: 2022-12-06

Abstract: Phenotypic diversity and evolutionary innovation ultimately trace to variation in genomic sequence and rewiring of regulatory networks. Here, we constructed a pan-genome of the Gossypium genus using ten representative diploid genomes. We document the genomic evolutionary history and the impact of lineage-specific transposon amplification on differential genome composition. The pan-3D genome reveals evolutionary connections between transposon-driven genome size variation and both higher-order chromatin structure reorganization and the rewiring of chromatin interactome. We linked changes in chromatin structures to phenotypic differences in cotton fiber and identified regulatory variations that decode the genetic basis of fiber length, the latter enabled by sequencing 1,005 transcriptomes during fiber development. We showcase how pan-genomic, pan-3D genomic and genetic regulatory data serve as a resource for delineating the evolutionary basis of spinnable cotton fiber. Our work provides insights into the evolution of genome organization and regulation and will inform cotton improvement by enabling regulome-based approaches.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01237-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-022-01237-2