美国麻省理工学院Ramnik J. Xavier等研究人员合作发现，孟加拉儿童肠道中一个独特的长双歧杆菌分支在断奶期间蓬勃发展。2022年11月1日，《细胞》杂志在线发表了这项成果。
肠道微生物组在婴儿健康和发育中具有重要作用。研究人员对孟加拉国达卡222名幼儿在出生后头两年的粪便微生物组和代谢组进行了特征分析。一个独特的长双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium longum）分支随着固体食物的引入而扩大，并含有利用母乳和固体食物底物的酶。该分支在孟加拉国高度流行，在全球范围内存在（流行率较低），并与许多其他肠道分类群和代谢物相关，这表明其在肠道生态学中的重要作用。
研究人员还发现，B. longum分支和相关的代谢物与儿童腹泻和早期生长有关，包括生长测量与长杆菌亚种（infantis）、吲哚乳酸和N-乙酰谷氨酸之间的正相关。这些数据显示了地理、文化、季节和生态的异质性，在确定与婴儿发育有关并可能使其受益的微生物组因素时应考虑到这一点。
附：英文原文
Title: A distinct clade of Bifidobacterium longum in the gut of Bangladeshi children thrives during weaning
Author: Tommi Vatanen, Qi Yan Ang, Léa Siegwald, Shafiqul Alam Sarker, Caroline I. Le Roy, Stéphane Duboux, Omar Delannoy-Bruno, Catherine Ngom-Bru, Claire L. Boulangé, Martin Straar, Julian Avila-Pacheco, Amy Deik, Kerry Pierce, Kevin Bullock, Courtney Dennis, Shamima Sultana, Sharika Sayed, Mahbubar Rahman, Tahmeed Ahmed, Monica Modesto, Paola Mattarelli, Clary B. Clish, Hera Vlamakis, Damian R. Plichta, Olga Sakwinska, Ramnik J. Xavier
Issue&Volume: 2022-11-01
Abstract: The gut microbiome has an important role in infant health and development. We characterizedthe fecal microbiome and metabolome of 222 young children in Dhaka, Bangladesh duringthe first two years of life. A distinct Bifidobacterium longum clade expanded with introduction of solid foods and harbored enzymes for utilizingboth breast milk and solid food substrates. The clade was highly prevalent in Bangladesh,present globally (at lower prevalence), and correlated with many other gut taxa andmetabolites, indicating an important role in gut ecology. We also found that the B. longum clades and associated metabolites were implicated in childhood diarrhea and earlygrowth, including positive associations between growth measures and B. longum subsp. infantis, indolelactate and N-acetylglutamate. Our data demonstrate geographic, cultural,seasonal, and ecological heterogeneity that should be accounted for when identifyingmicrobiome factors implicated in and potentially benefiting infant development.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.011
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)01326-5