研究人员使用同位素追踪（2H）方法对来自23个国家的5604名8天至96岁的人进行了人类水的周转率（WT）决定因素的调查。年龄、体型和成分与WT明显相关，体育活动、运动状态、怀孕、社会经济地位和环境特征（纬度、海拔、空气温度和湿度）也是如此。生活在低人类发展指数（HDI）国家的人比生活在高HDI国家的人的WT要高。在这个广泛的数据集基础上，研究人员提供了预测人类WT与人体测量、经济和环境因素关系的方程式。
据介绍，水是生存所必需的，但全世界每三个人中就有一个人（22亿人）无法获得安全的饮用水。水的摄入需求在很大程度上反映了WT，即人体每天使用的水。
附：英文原文
Title: Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors
Author: Yosuke Yamada, Xueying Zhang, Mary E. T. Henderson, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Herman Pontzer, Daiki Watanabe, Tsukasa Yoshida, Misaka Kimura, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E. Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Carlijn V. C. Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G. Camps, Graeme L. Close, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Lara R. Dugas, Simon Eaton, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Lewis G. Halsey, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B. Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M. Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P. Kempen, William E. Kraus, Wantanee Kriengsinyos, Robert F. Kushner, Estelle V. Lambert, William R. Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K. Martin, Anine C. Medin, Erwin P. Meijer, James C. Morehen, James P. Morton, Marian L. Neuhouser, Theresa A. Nicklas, Robert M. Ojiambo, Kirsi H. Pietilinen, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L. Prentice, Roberto A. Rabinovich, Susan B. Racette, David A. Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, John J. Reilly, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Susan B. Roberts, Albertine J. Schuit, Luis B. Sardinha, Analiza M. Silva, Anders M. Sjdin, Eric Stice, Samuel S. Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M. Van Etten, Edgar A. Van Mil, Jonathan C. K. Wells, George Wilson, Brian M. Wood, Jack A. Yanovski, Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U. Loechl, Amy H. Luke, Jennifer Rood, Klaas R. Westerterp, William W. Wong, Motohiko Miyachi, Dale A. Schoeller, John R. Speakman, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Doubly Labeled Water (DLW) Database Consortium§
Issue&Volume: 2022-11-25
Abstract: Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had higher WT than people in high-HDI countries. On the basis of this extensive dataset, we provide equations to predict human WT in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors.
DOI: abm8668
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm8668