研究人员利用标志性的和经过充分研究的鱼类物种，如金枪鱼、长嘴鱼和鲨鱼，计算出70年来的灭绝风险年度变化的连续红名单指数，以跟踪全球可持续性和生物多样性目标的进展。结果表明，这一成熟的生物多样性指标对捕鱼死亡率高度敏感，并反应迅速。
在灭绝风险增加的58年后，有效的渔业管理已经改变了金枪鱼和长嘴鱼的生物多样性损失曲线，而鲨鱼的曲线则继续恶化，因为鲨鱼的管理严重不足。当高价值商业物种的数量正在重建时，下一个管理挑战是阻止和扭转这些渔业对广泛海洋生物多样性的伤害。
据悉，渔业活动受到越来越多的密切监测，但其对生物多样性的影响却没有得到如此关注。
附：英文原文
Title: Seventy years of tunas, billfishes, and sharks as sentinels of global ocean health
Author: Maria José Juan-Jordá, Hilario Murua, Haritz Arrizabalaga, Gorka Merino, Nathan Pacoureau, Nicholas K. Dulvy
Issue&Volume: 2022-11-11
Abstract: Fishing activity is closely monitored to an increasing degree, but its effects on biodiversity have not received such attention. Using iconic and well-studied fish species such as tunas, billfishes, and sharks, we calculate a continuous Red List Index of yearly changes in extinction risk over 70 years to track progress toward global sustainability and biodiversity targets. We show that this well-established biodiversity indicator is highly sensitive and responsive to fishing mortality. After ~58 years of increasing risk of extinction, effective fisheries management has shifted the biodiversity loss curve for tunas and billfishes, whereas the curve continues to worsen for sharks, which are highly undermanaged. While populations of highly valuable commercial species are being rebuilt, the next management challenge is to halt and reverse the harm afflicted by these same fisheries to broad oceanic biodiversity.
DOI: abj0211
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj0211