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对尼安德特人社会组织的遗传学见解
作者:小柯机器人 发布时间:2022/10/23 13:37:45

德国马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所Benjamin M. Peter和Laurits Skov共同合作近期取得重要工作进展,他们通过对遗传学数据分析提出了对尼安德特人社会组织的遗传学见解。这一研究成果2022年10月19日在线发表于《自然》杂志上。

研究人员介绍了来自西伯利亚南部阿尔泰山脉两个旧石器时代中期遗址13个尼安德特人的遗传学数据:11个来自Chagyrskaya洞穴,2个来自Okladnikov洞穴,是迄今为止对尼安德特人群体进行的最大规模的基因研究之一。研究人员采用杂交捕获法获得全基因组的核数据,以及线粒体和Y染色体序列。一些Chagyrskaya人关系密切,包括一对父女和一对二级亲属,表明至少有一些人生活在同一时期。这些个体的基因组中多达三分之一有长段的同质性,表明Chagyrskaya尼安德特人是一个小社区的一部分。

此外,y染色体的多样性比线粒体的多样性低一个数量级,研究人员认为这种模式很好地解释了女性在社区之间的迁移。这里提供的基因数据详细记录了一个孤立的尼安德特人社区的社会组织,该社区位于他们已知活动范围的最东端。

据介绍,对尼安德特人的基因组分析为他们的种群历史以及与现代人类的关系提供了见解,但对尼安德特人社区的社会组织仍知之甚少。

附:英文原文

Title: Genetic insights into the social organization of Neanderthals

Author: Skov, Laurits, Peyrgne, Stphane, Popli, Divyaratan, Iasi, Leonardo N. M., Devise, Thibaut, Slon, Viviane, Zavala, Elena I., Hajdinjak, Mateja, Smer, Arev P., Grote, Steffi, Bossoms Mesa, Alba, Lpez Herrez, David, Nickel, Birgit, Nagel, Sarah, Richter, Julia, Essel, Elena, Gansauge, Marie, Schmidt, Anna, Korlevi, Petra, Comeskey, Daniel, Derevianko, Anatoly P., Kharevich, Aliona, Markin, Sergey V., Talamo, Sahra, Douka, Katerina, Krajcarz, Maciej T., Roberts, Richard G., Higham, Thomas, Viola, Bence, Krivoshapkin, Andrey I., Kolobova, Kseniya A., Kelso, Janet, Meyer, Matthias, Pbo, Svante, Peter, Benjamin M.

Issue&Volume: 2022-10-19

Abstract: Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their population history and relationship to modern humans1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, but the social organization of Neanderthal communities remains poorly understood. Here we present genetic data for 13Neanderthals from two Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia: 11 from Chagyrskaya Cave9,10 and 2 from Okladnikov Cave11—making this one of the largest genetic studies of a Neanderthal population to date. We used hybridization capture to obtain genome-wide nuclear data, as well as mitochondrial and Y-chromosome sequences. Some Chagyrskaya individuals were closely related, including a father–daughter pair and a pair of second-degree relatives, indicating that at least some of the individuals lived at the same time. Up to one-third of these individuals’ genomes had long segments of homozygosity, suggesting that the Chagyrskaya Neanderthals were part of a small community. In addition, the Y-chromosome diversity is an order of magnitude lower than the mitochondrial diversity, a pattern that we found is best explained by female migration between communities. Thus, the genetic data presented here provide a detailed documentation of the social organization of an isolated Neanderthal community at the easternmost extent of their known range.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05283-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05283-y

期刊信息

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:43.07
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html