近日，加拿大渥太华医院研究所Guy Trudel等研究人员发现，溶血导致长期太空飞行中的贫血。相关论文于2022年1月14日在线发表在《自然—医学》杂志上。

研究人员发现，当14名宇航员在国际空间站上执行6个月的任务后，太空飞行与血红蛋白降解产物水平的持续增加有关，即肺泡空气中的一氧化碳和血清中的铁。着陆一年后，红细胞的影响仍然存在，包括溶血、网状细胞和血红蛋白水平的增加。这些发现表明，红细胞的破坏，即溶血，是太空飞行中微重力的主要影响，并支持这样的假设：与太空飞行有关的贫血是一种溶血性疾病，在对宇航员和太空游客进行筛查和监测时应考虑到这一点。

据介绍，自第一次太空任务以来，宇航员的贫血问题就被注意到了，但导致太空飞行中贫血的机制仍然不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Hemolysis contributes to anemia during long-duration space flight

Author: Trudel, Guy, Shahin, Nibras, Ramsay, Timothy, Laneuville, Odette, Louati, Hakim

Issue&Volume: 2022-01-14

Abstract: Anemia in astronauts has been noted since the first space missions, but the mechanisms contributing to anemia in space flight have remained unclear. Here, we show that space flight is associated with persistently increased levels of products of hemoglobin degradation, carbon monoxide in alveolar air and iron in serum, in 14 astronauts throughout their 6-month missions onboard the International Space Station. One year after landing, erythrocytic effects persisted, including increased levels of hemolysis, reticulocytosis and hemoglobin. These findings suggest that the destruction of red blood cells, termed hemolysis, is a primary effect of microgravity in space flight and support the hypothesis that the anemia associated with space flight is a hemolytic condition that should be considered in the screening and monitoring of both astronauts and space tourists. Biomarkers of red blood cell destruction were elevated in astronauts while on long-duration missions on the International Space Station, suggesting that hemolysis is a major contributor to space anemia.

DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01637-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01637-7