美国哈佛医学院
研究人员在一个由1000多万现役美国军人组成的队列中测试了多发性硬化症（MS）是由Epstein-Barr病毒（EBV）引起的假说，其中955人在服役期间被诊断为MS。感染EB病毒后多发性硬化症的风险增加了32倍，但感染其他病毒，包括类似传播的巨细胞病毒后，风险没有增加。血清中的神经丝轻链（一种神经轴突变性的生物标志物）水平仅在EB病毒血清转化后增加。这些发现不能用任何已知的多发性硬化症风险因素来解释，并表明EB病毒是多发性硬化症的主要原因。
据悉，MS是一种病因不明的中枢神经系统的慢性炎症性脱髓鞘疾病。
附：英文原文
Title: Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis
Author: Kjetil Bjornevik, Marianna Cortese, Brian C. Healy, Jens Kuhle, Michael J. Mina, Yumei Leng, Stephen J. Elledge, David W. Niebuhr, Ann I. Scher, Kassandra L. Munger, Alberto Ascherio
Issue&Volume: 2022-01-21
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of unknown etiology. We tested the hypothesis that MS is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a cohort comprising more than 10 million young adults on active duty in the US military, 955 of whom were diagnosed with MS during their period of service. Risk of MS increased 32-fold after infection with EBV but was not increased after infection with other viruses, including the similarly transmitted cytomegalovirus. Serum levels of neurofilament light chain, a biomarker of neuroaxonal degeneration, increased only after EBV seroconversion. These findings cannot be explained by any known risk factor for MS and suggest EBV as the leading cause of MS.
DOI: abj8222
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj8222