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研究揭示美国不同人口和收入群体中空气污染暴露的差异
作者:小柯机器人 发布时间:2022/1/16 13:20:38

美国哈佛医学院Francesca Dominici、Abdulrahman Jbaily等研究人员合作揭示美国不同人口和收入群体中空气污染暴露的差异。这一研究成果发表在2022年1月12日出版的国际学术期刊《自然》上。

研究人员开发了一个数据平台,将美国各地的人口数据(来自美国人口普查局和美国社区调查)和PM2.5数据联系起来。研究人员分析了2000年至2016年期间美国邮政编码(N约为32,000)的表格区域层面的数据。结果表明,白人和美国原住民人口高于平均水平的地区一直暴露在PM2.5平均水平之下,低于黑人、亚裔和西班牙裔或拉丁裔人口高于平均水平的地区。2004-2016年期间,低收入人口地区的平均PM2.5水平一直高于高收入群体地区。
 
此外,相对于美国环境保护署和世界卫生组织制定的安全标准,暴露的差距一直在增加。这些研究结果表明,有必要进行更有针对性的PM2.5减排,为所有人提供类似程度的环境危害保护。这项研究是观察性的,无法深入了解所发现差异的驱动因素。
 
据介绍,空气污染造成了全球的疾病负担,在环境中接触PM2.5被认为是全球排名第五的死亡风险因素。在美国,种族/民族和低收入群体因接触PM2.5而死亡的风险比其他人口/收入群体高。此外,已知人口和收入群体之间在接触空气污染方面存在差异。
 
附:英文原文
 
Title: Air pollution exposure disparities across US population and income groups

Author: Jbaily, Abdulrahman, Zhou, Xiaodan, Liu, Jie, Lee, Ting-Hwan, Kamareddine, Leila, Verguet, Stphane, Dominici, Francesca

Issue&Volume: 2022-01-12

Abstract: Air pollution contributes to the global burden of disease, with ambient exposure to fine particulate matter of diameters smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) being identified as the fifth-ranking risk factor for mortality globally1. Racial/ethnic minorities and lower-income groups in the USA are at a higher risk of death from exposure to PM2.5 than are other population/income groups2,3,4,5. Moreover, disparities in exposure to air pollution among population and income groups are known to exist6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17. Here we develop a data platform that links demographic data (from the US Census Bureau and American Community Survey) and PM2.5 data18 across the USA. We analyse the data at the tabulation area level of US zip codes (N is approximately 32,000) between 2000 and 2016. We show that areas with higher-than-average white and Native American populations have been consistently exposed to average PM2.5 levels that are lower than areas with higher-than-average Black, Asian and Hispanic or Latino populations. Moreover, areas with low-income populations have been consistently exposed to higher average PM2.5 levels than areas with high-income groups for the years 2004–2016. Furthermore, disparities in exposure relative to safety standards set by the US Environmental Protection Agency19 and the World Health Organization20 have been increasing over time. Our findings suggest that more-targeted PM2.5 reductions are necessary to provide all people with a similar degree of protection from environmental hazards. Our study is observational and cannot provide insight into the drivers of the identified disparities.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04190-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04190-y

期刊信息

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:43.07
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html