英国医学研究委员会分子生物学实验室John A. G. Briggs课题组探索了HIV-1 基质 (MA)和病毒膜的成熟。相关论文于2021年8月6日发表于国际顶尖学术期刊《科学》杂志上。

他们通过冷冻电子断层扫描确定了未成熟和成熟 HIV-1 中 MA 的结构和排列。他们发现 MA 在成熟时会在两种不同的六聚体晶格之间重新排列。在成熟的 HIV-1 中，脂质延伸出膜并与 MA 中的口袋结合。他们的数据表明，HIV-1 的蛋白水解成熟不仅组装了基因组周围的病毒衣壳，而且还将膜结合的 MA 晶格重新用于进入或进入后功能，并导致从病毒膜中部分去除多达 2500 种脂质。

据了解，Gag 是 HIV-1 的主要结构蛋白，通过其MA结构域被募集到质膜以进行病毒组装。Gag 随后被切割成其组成结构域，导致结构成熟以重新利用病毒粒子进入细胞。

附：英文原文

Title: Maturation of the matrix and viral membrane of HIV-1

Author: Kun Qu, Zunlong Ke, Vojtech Zila, Maria Anders-sswein, Brbel Glass, Frauke Mücksch, Rainer Müller, Carsten Schultz, Barbara Müller, Hans-Georg Krusslich, John A. G. Briggs

Issue&Volume: 2021/08/06

Abstract: Gag, the primary structural protein of HIV-1, is recruited to the plasma membrane for virus assembly by its matrix (MA) domain. Gag is subsequently cleaved into its component domains, causing structural maturation to repurpose the virion for cell entry. We determined the structure and arrangement of MA within immature and mature HIV-1 through cryo–electron tomography. We found that MA rearranges between two different hexameric lattices upon maturation. In mature HIV-1, a lipid extends out of the membrane to bind with a pocket in MA. Our data suggest that proteolytic maturation of HIV-1 not only assembles the viral capsid surrounding the genome but also repurposes the membrane-bound MA lattice for an entry or postentry function and results in the partial removal of up to 2500 lipids from the viral membrane.

DOI: 10.1126/science.abe6821

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/373/6555/700