确保真核生物翻译终止速度和保真度的机制，这一成果由美国斯坦福大学医学院Joseph D. Puglisi和约翰霍普金斯大学医学院Rachel Green研究组经过不懈努力而取得。2021年8月20日出版的《科学》杂志发表了这项成果。

研究人员建立了单分子荧光分析体系，使用体外重组酵母翻译系统跟踪整个终止过程中核糖体以及两种必需释放因子（eRF1和eRF3）的动态。研究人员发现这两个真核释放因子结合以快速识别终止密码子并通过严密调控的多步骤过程引发翻译终止，类似于翻译延伸过程中的转移RNA选择。因为释放因子从酵母到人都是保守的，以酵母翻译终止为基础的分子机制可能也在真核蛋白质合成过程中广泛适用。

据了解，翻译终止后新生多肽从核糖体中释放出来，特别是在终止密码子处，但这一过程必须准确快速地发生。

附：英文原文

Title: Mechanisms that ensure speed and fidelity in eukaryotic translation termination

Author: Michael R. Lawson, Laura N. Lessen, Jinfan Wang, Arjun Prabhakar, Nicholas C. Corsepius, Rachel Green, Joseph D. Puglisi

Issue&Volume: 2021/08/20

Abstract: Translation termination, which liberates a nascent polypeptide from the ribosome specifically at stop codons, must occur accurately and rapidly. We established single-molecule fluorescence assays to track the dynamics of ribosomes and two requisite release factors (eRF1 and eRF3) throughout termination using an in vitro–reconstituted yeast translation system. We found that the two eukaryotic release factors bound together to recognize stop codons rapidly and elicit termination through a tightly regulated, multistep process that resembles transfer RNA selection during translation elongation. Because the release factors are conserved from yeast to humans, the molecular events that underlie yeast translation termination are likely broadly fundamental to eukaryotic protein synthesis.

DOI: 10.1126/science.abi7801

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/373/6557/876