美国圣路易斯华盛顿大学Marco Colonna课题组发现，中枢神经系统（CNS）边界具有淋巴细胞生成的微环境。相关论文于2021年6月3日在线发表在《科学》杂志上。

通过单细胞分析、共聚焦成像、骨髓嵌合体和异种共生实验，研究人员表明脑膜B细胞来自颅骨局部，其中具有造血的骨髓微环境。B细胞通过专门的血管连接从颅骨到达脑膜。B细胞发育的这种颅骨-脑膜通路可能为CNS提供B细胞的持续供应（经过CNS抗原驯化）。

相反，研究人员发现在衰老小鼠脑膜中存在一类抗原驯化B细胞是血液来源的。这些结果鉴定了脑膜B细胞的一种隐蔽来源，这可能有助于维持中枢神经系统内的免疫豁免。

据悉，脑膜包含提供中枢神经系统免疫监视的适应性免疫细胞。这些细胞被认为来自于体循环。

附：英文原文

Title: Heterogeneity of meningeal B cells reveals a lymphopoietic niche at the CNS borders

Author: Simone Brioschi, Wei-Le Wang, Vincent Peng, Meng Wang, Irina Shchukina, Zev J. Greenberg, Jennifer K. Bando, Natalia Jaeger, Rafael S. Czepielewski, Amanda Swain, Denis A. Mogilenko, Wandy L. Beatty, Peter Bayguinov, James A. J. Fitzpatrick, Laura G. Schuettpelz, Catrina C. Fronick, Igor Smirnov, Jonathan Kipnis, Virginia S. Shapiro, Gregory F. Wu, Susan Gilfillan, Marina Cella, Maxim N. Artyomov, Steven H. Kleinstein, Marco Colonna

Issue&Volume: 2021/06/03

Abstract: The meninges contain adaptive immune cells that provide immunosurveillance of the CNS. These cells are thought to derive from the systemic circulation. Through single-cell analyses, confocal imaging, bone marrow chimeras, and parabiosis experiments, we show that meningeal B cells derive locally from the calvaria, which harbors a bone marrow niche for hematopoiesis. B cells reach the meninges from the calvaria through specialized vascular connections. This calvarial–meningeal path of B cell development may provide the CNS with a constant supply of B cells educated by CNS antigens. Conversely, we show that a subset of antigen-experienced B cells that populate the meninges in aging mice are blood-borne. These results identify a private source for meningeal B cells. which may help maintain immune privilege within the CNS.

DOI: 10.1126/science.abf9277

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2021/06/02/science.abf9277