近日，美国艾伦脑科学研究Hongkui Zeng及其团队完成对跨同形皮质和海马形成的转录组细胞类型分类。相关论文于2021年5月17日在线发表于国际学术期刊《细胞》。
研究人员分析了覆盖整个成年小鼠同形皮质和海马形成（HPF）的约130万个细胞，并得出了转录组细胞类型的分类法，从而揭示了谷氨酸能和GABA能神经元类型的完整组成。与传统HPF具有简单细胞组织的观点相反，研究人员发现HPF中的一整套谷氨酸能类型与在六层同形皮质中发现的所有主要亚类同源，这表明HPF和同形皮质具有相同的回路组织。研究人员还确定了沿同形皮质深度、整个同形皮质表层以及海马和下丘脑多个维度细胞类型的大规模连续和分级变化。
总体而言，这项研究建立了哺乳动物同形皮质和海马结构的分子结构，并开始阐明其与这两个大脑结构的发育、进化、连通性和功能的潜在关系。
据介绍，哺乳动物大脑中的同形皮质和HPF在感知、认知、情感和学习中起着至关重要的作用。
附：英文原文
Title: A taxonomy of transcriptomic cell types across the isocortex and hippocampal formation
Author: Zizhen Yao, Cindy T.J. van Velthoven, Thuc Nghi Nguyen, Jeff Goldy, Adriana E. Sedeno-Cortes, Fahimeh Baftizadeh, Darren Bertagnolli, Tamara Casper, Megan Chiang, Kirsten Crichton, Song-Lin Ding, Olivia Fong, Emma Garren, Alexandra Glandon, Nathan W. Gouwens, James Gray, Lucas T. Graybuck, Michael J. Hawrylycz, Daniel Hirschstein, Matthew Kroll, Kanan Lathia, Changkyu Lee, Boaz Levi, Delissa McMillen, Stephanie Mok, Thanh Pham, Qingzhong Ren, Christine Rimorin, Nadiya Shapovalova, Josef Sulc, Susan M. Sunkin, Michael Tieu, Amy Torkelson, Herman Tung, Katelyn Ward, Nick Dee, Kimberly A. Smith, Bosiljka Tasic, Hongkui Zeng
Issue&Volume: 2021-05-17
Abstract: The isocortex and hippocampal formation (HPF) in the mammalian brain play criticalroles in perception, cognition, emotion, and learning. We profiled ～1.3 million cellscovering the entire adult mouse isocortex and HPF and derived a transcriptomic cell-typetaxonomy revealing a comprehensive repertoire of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurontypes. Contrary to the traditional view of HPF as having a simpler cellular organization,we discover a complete set of glutamatergic types in HPF homologous to all major subclassesfound in the six-layered isocortex, suggesting that HPF and the isocortex share acommon circuit organization. We also identify large-scale continuous and graded variationsof cell types along isocortical depth, across the isocortical sheet, and in multipledimensions in hippocampus and subiculum. Overall, our study establishes a moleculararchitecture of the mammalian isocortex and hippocampal formation and begins to shedlight on its underlying relationship with the development, evolution, connectivity,and function of these two brain structures.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.021
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00501-8