希腊色雷斯德克利特大学Christina Papageorgopoulou、瑞士洛桑大学Anna-Sapfo Malaspians课题组合作取得一项新突破。他们揭示了爱琴海古文明的基因组历史。这一研究成果于2021年4月29日发表在国际顶尖学术期刊《细胞》杂志上。
他们从爱琴海的三种青铜时代（BA）培养物中取样，对6个早期至中期BA完整基因组以及11个线粒体基因组进行了测序。早期BA（EBA）基因组是同质的，并且其大部分血统都来自新石器时代的爱琴海人，这与早期的假设相反，即新石器时代-EBA的文化转型是由于大量人口流动造成的。EBA爱琴海人的形成是由于从爱琴海以东地区进行的相对较小规模的迁徙，这在安那托利亚人中也发现了与高加索有关的血统。相比之下，希腊北部的中期BA（MBA）个体与EBA种群的不同之处在于，他们显示了约50％的庞蒂克里海干草原相关血统，其年代大约为30世纪，可追溯到公元前2,600-2,000年。MBA的此类基因流动事件有助于塑造当今的希腊基因组。
据介绍，基克拉迪时期、米诺斯时期和希腊裔（迈锡尼时期）文化定义了希腊的BA。城市主义、复杂的社会结构、手工艺和农业专业化以及最早的写作形式都标志着这一标志性时期。
附：英文原文
Title: The genomic history of the Aegean palatial civilizations
Author: Florian Clemente, Martina Unterlnder, Olga Dolgova, Carlos Eduardo G. Amorim, Francisco Coroado-Santos, Samuel Neuenschwander, Elissavet Ganiatsou, Diana I. Cruz Dávalos, Lucas Anchieri, Frédéric Michaud, Laura Winkelbach, Jens Blcher, Yami Ommar Arizmendi Cárdenas, Bárbara Sousa da Mota, Eleni Kalliga, Angelos Souleles, Ioannis Kontopoulos, Georgia Karamitrou-Mentessidi, Olga Philaniotou, Adamantios Sampson, Dimitra Theodorou, Metaxia Tsipopoulou, Ioannis Akamatis, Paul Halstead, Kostas Kotsakis, Dushka Urem-Kotsou, Diamantis Panagiotopoulos, Christina Ziota, Sevasti Triantaphyllou, Olivier Delaneau, Jeffrey D. Jensen, J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar, Joachim Burger, Vitor C. Sousa, Oscar Lao, Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas, Christina Papageorgopoulou
Issue&Volume: 2021-04-29
Abstract: The Cycladic, the Minoan, and the Helladic (Mycenaean) cultures define the Bronze Age (BA) of Greece. Urbanism, complex social structures, craft and agricultural specialization, and the earliest forms of writing characterize this iconic period. We sequenced six Early to Middle BA whole genomes, along with 11 mitochondrial genomes, sampled from the three BA cultures of the Aegean Sea. The Early BA (EBA) genomes are homogeneous and derive most of their ancestry from Neolithic Aegeans, contrary to earlier hypotheses that the Neolithic-EBA cultural transition was due to massive population turnover. EBA Aegeans were shaped by relatively small-scale migration from East of the Aegean, as evidenced by the Caucasus-related ancestry also detected in Anatolians. In contrast, Middle BA (MBA) individuals of northern Greece differ from EBA populations in showing ～50% Pontic-Caspian Steppe-related ancestry, dated at ca. 2,600-2,000 BCE. Such gene flow events during the MBA contributed toward shaping present-day Greek genomes.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.039
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00370-6