西安交通大学王友发教授团队研究了2013-2018年中国糖尿病的患病率和治疗情况。相关论文于2021年12月28日发表在《美国医学会杂志》上。

关于中国糖尿病的患病率、认识、治疗和危险因素的最新数据对于干预工作是必要的。

为了根据全国数据来估计中国糖尿病患病率、知晓率、治疗和危险因素的趋势，研究组进行了一项横断面全国代表性调查研究，收集中国2013-2014年间170287例18岁及以上的成人参与者和2018-2019年间173642例成人参与者的数据。检测所有参与者的空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平。对所有未诊断为糖尿病的参与者进行2小时口服葡萄糖耐量试验。主要结局为根据美国糖尿病协会标准定义的糖尿病和前驱糖尿病。次要结局为对糖尿病的认识、治疗和控制以及危险因素的流行率。糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白水平低于7.0%则被认为血糖得到了充分控制。

2013年参与者队列的中位年龄为55.8岁，女性加权比例为50.0%；2018年参与者队列的中位年龄为51.3岁，女性加权比例为49.5%。糖尿病的估计患病率从2013年的10.9%增加到2018年的12.4%，差异具有统计学意义。2013年预估前驱糖尿病的患病率为35.7%，2018年为38.1%，组间差异不显著。

2018年，在成人糖尿病患者中，36.7%报告称了解自己的病情，32.9%称正在接受治疗；接受治疗的患者中50.1%病情得到充分控制。这些比率自2013年以来没有明显变化。但从2013年到2018年，低体力活动、高红肉摄入量、超重和肥胖的流行率显著增加。

综上，在这项调查研究中，2013-2018年，中国的估计糖尿病患病率很高，并且有所增加。糖尿病患者接受适当治疗的比率未显著改善。

附：英文原文

Title: Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes in China, 2013-2018

Author: Limin Wang, Wen Peng, Zhenping Zhao, Mei Zhang, Zumin Shi, Ziwei Song, Xiao Zhang, Chun Li, Zhengjing Huang, Xiaomin Sun, Linhong Wang, Maigeng Zhou, Jing Wu, Youfa Wang

Issue&Volume: 2021/12/28

Abstract:

Importance  Recent data on prevalence, awareness, treatment, and risk factors of diabetes in China is necessary for interventional efforts.

Objective  To estimate trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and risk factors of diabetes in China based on national data.

Design, Setting, and Participants  Cross-sectional nationally representative survey data collected in adults aged 18 years or older in mainland China from 170287 participants in the 2013-2014 years and 173642 participants in the 2018-2019 years.

Exposures  Fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels were measured for all participants. A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was conducted for all participants without diagnosed diabetes.

Main Outcomes and Measures  Primary outcomes were diabetes and prediabetes defined according to American Diabetes Association criteria. Secondary outcomes were awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes and prevalence of risk factors. A hemoglobin A1c level of less than 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) among treated patients with diabetes was considered adequate glycemic control.

Results  In 2013, the median age was 55.8 years (IQR, 46.4-65.2 years) and the weighted proportion of women was 50.0%; in 2018, the median age was 51.3 years (IQR, 42.1-61.6 years), and the weighted proportion of women was 49.5%. The estimated prevalence of diabetes increased from 10.9% (95% CI, 10.4%-11.5%) in 2013 to 12.4% (95% CI, 11.8%-13.0%) in 2018 (P<.001). The estimated prevalence of prediabetes was 35.7% (95% CI, 34.2%-37.3%) in 2013 and 38.1% (95% CI, 36.4%-39.7%) in 2018 (P=.07). In 2018, among adults with diabetes, 36.7% (95% CI, 34.7%-38.6%) reported being aware of their condition, and 32.9% (95% CI, 30.9%-34.8%) reported being treated; 50.1% (95% CI, 47.5%-52.6%) of patients receiving treatment were controlled adequately. These rates did not change significantly from 2013. From 2013 to 2018, low physical activity, high intake of red meat, overweight, and obesity significantly increased in prevalence.

Conclusions and Relevance  In this survey study, the estimated diabetes prevalence was high and increased from 2013 to 2018. There was no significant improvement in the estimated prevalence of adequate treatment.

DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.22208

Source: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2787545