中国科学技术大学陈维团队开发出了一种超快超低温氢气-质子电池。相关研究成果发表在2021年11月21日出版的《美国化学会杂志》。

水性质子电池以其离子半径小、重量轻等独特优点被认为是下一代网格存储最有前景的能源技术之一。水性质子电池的各种材料已经被开发出来；然而，它们的全电池显示出不理想的电化学性能，速率能力和循环稳定性有限。

该文介绍了一种新型的水性质子全电池，其在浓磷酸电解液中由氢气阳极和普鲁士蓝模拟阴极驱动，具有显著的倍率性能、循环稳定性和超低温性能。其操作包括阳极上的析氢/氧化-氧化还原反应和阴极上的H⁺插入/提取反应，同时在两个电极之间仅进行H⁺的理想转移。制造的水性氢气-质子电池具有前所未有的高达960℃的充放电能力，功率密度高达36.5 kW kg^–1，超长循环寿命超过35万次。此外，该氢气-质子电池能够在80°C的超低温下正常工作，其室温容量为54%，在60°C下稳定工作，循环寿命为1150次。

研究工作为在极端条件下建造高性能水性质子电池提供了新的机会，用于大规模储能。

附：英文原文

Title: An Ultrafast and Ultra-Low-Temperature Hydrogen Gas–Proton Battery

Author: Zhengxin Zhu, Weiping Wang, Yichen Yin, Yahan Meng, Zaichun Liu, Taoli Jiang, Qia Peng, Jifei Sun, Wei Chen

Issue&Volume: November 21, 2021

Abstract: Aqueous proton batteries are regarded as one of the most promising energy technologies for next-generation grid storage due to the distinctive merits of H+ charge carriers with small ionic radius and light weight. Various materials have been explored for aqueous proton batteries; however, their full batteries show undesirable electrochemical performance with limited rate capability and cycling stability. Here we introduce a novel aqueous proton full battery that shows remarkable rate capability, cycling stability, and ultralow temperature performance, which is driven by a hydrogen gas anode and a Prussian blue analogue cathode in a concentrated phosphoric acid electrolyte. Its operation involves hydrogen evolution/oxidation redox reactions on the anode and H+ insertion/extraction reactions on the cathode, in parallel with the ideal transfer of only H+ between these two electrodes. The fabricated aqueous hydrogen gas–proton battery exhibits an unprecedented charge/discharge capability of up to 960 C with a superior power density of 36.5 kW kg–1, along with an ultralong cycle life of over 0.35 million cycles. Furthermore, this hydrogen gas–proton battery is able to work well at an ultralow temperature of 80 °C with 54% of its room-temperature capacity and under 60 °C with a stable cycle life of 1150 cycles. This work provides new opportunities to construct aqueous proton batteries with high performance in extreme conditions for large-scale energy storage.

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09529

Source: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.1c09529