法国里尔大学Vincent Prevot、Ariane Sharif等研究人员合作发现，GnRH神经元在婴儿期招募星形胶质细胞来促进网络整合和性成熟。这一研究成果于2021年11月18日在线发表在国际学术期刊《自然—神经科学》上。

研究人员表明，啮齿动物促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）神经元在婴儿期使用前列腺素D2受体DP1信号机制来招募新生的星形胶质细胞，从而"护送"它们进入成年；产后下丘脑胶质生成的障碍通过阻止这种招募明显改变了性成熟，这一过程被内分泌干扰物双酚A模拟。在GnRH细胞体所在的婴儿视前区，DP1信号的抑制破坏了GnRH神经元的正确分布和发射，改变了婴儿期的小脑或下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的首次激活，并推迟了生殖能力的及时获得。这些发现揭示了一个以前未知的神经元与神经祖细胞之间的沟通途径，并证明产后星状细胞的形成是神经内分泌大脑用来控制性成熟的一套复杂机制的基本组成部分。

据悉，产生控制生育力的GnRH神经元在出生时完成了从鼻腔到大脑的迁移。然而，它们的功能取决于产后发育过程中在一个复杂神经胶质网络中的整合。

附：英文原文

Title: GnRH neurons recruit astrocytes in infancy to facilitate network integration and sexual maturation

Author: Pellegrino, Giuliana, Martin, Marion, Allet, Ccile, Lhomme, Tori, Geller, Sarah, Franssen, Delphine, Mansuy, Virginie, Manfredi-Lozano, Maria, Coutteau-Robles, Adrian, Delli, Virginia, Rasika, S., Mazur, Danile, Loyens, Anne, Tena-Sempere, Manuel, Siepmann, Juergen, Pralong, Franois P., Ciofi, Philippe, Corfas, Gabriel, Parent, Anne-Simone, Ojeda, Sergio R., Sharif, Ariane, Prevot, Vincent

Issue&Volume: 2021-11-18

Abstract: Neurons that produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which control fertility, complete their nose-to-brain migration by birth. However, their function depends on integration within a complex neuroglial network during postnatal development. Here, we show that rodent GnRH neurons use a prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1 signaling mechanism during infancy to recruit newborn astrocytes that ‘escort’ them into adulthood, and that the impairment of postnatal hypothalamic gliogenesis markedly alters sexual maturation by preventing this recruitment, a process mimicked by the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A. Inhibition of DP1 signaling in the infantile preoptic region, where GnRH cell bodies reside, disrupts the correct wiring and firing of GnRH neurons, alters minipuberty or the first activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis during infancy, and delays the timely acquisition of reproductive capacity. These findings uncover a previously unknown neuron-to-neural-progenitor communication pathway and demonstrate that postnatal astrogenesis is a basic component of a complex set of mechanisms used by the neuroendocrine brain to control sexual maturation.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00960-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-021-00960-z