澳大利亚昆士兰大学Jacob Gratten团队的研究揭示了自闭症患者的相关饮食偏好与其肠道微生物群的关联。相关论文于2021年11月11日在线发表在《细胞》杂志上。

研究人员对澳大利亚自闭症生物库和昆士兰双胞胎青少年大脑项目的参与者进行了一项大型自闭症粪便宏基因组学研究（n = 247）。研究发现自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的诊断与肠道微生物组之间的直接关联可以忽略不计。相反，该研究数据支持一个模型，其中与ASD相关的限制因素与较单一的饮食相关联，进而减少微生物分类多样性和较松散的粪便稠度。

与ASD诊断相反，该研究提供的数据集能很好地检测微生物组与年龄、饮食摄入量和粪便稠度等特征的关联。总体而言，ASD个体的微生物组差异可能反映了与诊断特征相关的饮食偏好，研究人员强调不能得出微生物组在ASD中起驱动作用的结论。

研究人员表示，人们对肠道微生物群对ASD的影响越来越感兴趣。然而，以前的研究略片面，并没有整体分析潜在的混杂因素。

附：英文原文

Title: Autism-related dietary preferences mediate autism-gut microbiome associations

Author: Chloe X. Yap, Anjali K. Henders, Gail A. Alvares, David L.A. Wood, Lutz Krause, Gene W. Tyson, Restuadi Restuadi, Leanne Wallace, Tiana McLaren, Narelle K. Hansell, Dominique Cleary, Rachel Grove, Claire Hafekost, Alexis Harun, Helen Holdsworth, Rachel Jellett, Feroza Khan, Lauren P. Lawson, Jodie Leslie, Mira Levis Frenk, Anne Masi, Nisha E. Mathew, Melanie Muniandy, Michaela Nothard, Jessica L. Miller, Lorelle Nunn, Gerald Holtmann, Lachlan T. Strike, Greig I. de Zubicaray, Paul M. Thompson, Katie L. McMahon, Margaret J. Wright, Peter M. Visscher, Paul A. Dawson, Cheryl Dissanayake, Valsamma Eapen, Helen S. Heussler, Allan F. McRae, Andrew J.O. Whitehouse, Naomi R. Wray, Jacob Gratten

Issue&Volume: 2021-11-11

Abstract: There is increasing interest in the potential contribution of the gut microbiome toautism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, previous studies have been underpowered andhave not been designed to address potential confounding factors in a comprehensiveway. We performed a large autism stool metagenomics study (n = 247) based on participantsfrom the Australian Autism Biobank and the Queensland Twin Adolescent Brain project.We found negligible direct associations between ASD diagnosis and the gut microbiome.Instead, our data support a model whereby ASD-related restricted interests are associatedwith less-diverse diet, and in turn reduced microbial taxonomic diversity and looserstool consistency. In contrast to ASD diagnosis, our dataset was well powered to detectmicrobiome associations with traits such as age, dietary intake, and stool consistency.Overall, microbiome differences in ASD may reflect dietary preferences that relateto diagnostic features, and we caution against claims that the microbiome has a drivingrole in ASD.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.015

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)01231-9