美国德克萨斯大学MD安德森癌症中心Raghu Kalluri团队研究总结外泌体的生物学、功能和生物医学应用。2020年2月7日，国际学术期刊《科学》发表了这一成果。

细胞外囊泡（EVs）的研究具有识别未知的细胞和分子机制的潜力，这些机制在细胞间通讯以及器官体内稳态和疾病中发挥着重要作用。外泌体是EV的亚组分，平均直径约100纳米。外泌体的生物生成从内体开始的，随后与其他细胞内囊泡和细胞器的相互作用产生最终的外泌体成分。它们的各种成分包括可以反映其起源细胞的核酸、蛋白质、脂质、氨基酸和代谢产物。在各种疾病中，外泌体提供了改变细胞或组织状态的窗口，它们在生物体液中的检测可能提供多组分诊断读数。通过外泌体的细胞成分的有效交换可以得知其在设计基于外泌体的疗法中的应用。

附：英文原文

Title: The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes

Author: Raghu Kalluri, Valerie S. LeBleu

Issue&Volume: 2020/02/07

Abstract: The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and in organ homeostasis and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ~100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. The biogenesis of exosomes involves their origin in endosomes, and subsequent interactions with other intracellular vesicles and organelles generate the final content of the exosomes. Their diverse constituents include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites, which can reflect their cell of origin. In various diseases, exosomes offer a window into altered cellular or tissue states, and their detection in biological fluids potentially offers a multicomponent diagnostic readout. The efficient exchange of cellular components through exosomes can inform their applied use in designing exosome-based therapeutics.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aau6977

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6478/eaau6977