皮质GABA能细胞的整合形态和转录组分型，这一成果由美国艾伦脑科学研究所Gabe J. Murphy、Nathan W. Gouwens和Staci A. Sorensen研究小组经过不懈努力而取得。 这一研究成果发表在2020年11月12日出版的国际学术期刊《细胞》上。
为了更好地对神经元细胞类型进行分类，研究人员表征了4,200多个小鼠视觉皮层GABA能中间神经元的转录组和内在生理特性，并重建了这些神经元中517个局部形态。研究发现大多数转录组类型（t型）占据视觉皮层内的特定层流位置，并且对于大多数类型，映射到t型的细胞表现出一致的电生理和形态学特性。这些属性表明t型神经元之间的离散和连续变化。
通过多模式综合分析，研究人员确定了28种met-type，它们具有一致的形态学、电生理学和转录组学特性，并且具有较强的相互可预测性。研究人员将特定皮层轴突神经支配识别模式作为区分不同met细胞类型的标志。这些met型代表了皮质GABA能中间神经元类型的统一标准。该研究提供了一个系统性网络以实现对现有知识和将来跨不同模式分析的桥接。
据了解，通常根据结构、生理或遗传属性的差异将神经元分为不同类型。
附：英文原文
Title: Integrated Morphoelectric and Transcriptomic Classification of Cortical GABAergic Cells
Author: Nathan W. Gouwens, Staci A. Sorensen, Fahimeh Baftizadeh, Agata Budzillo, Brian R. Lee, Tim Jarsky, Lauren Alfiler, Katherine Baker, Eliza Barkan, Kyla Berry, Darren Bertagnolli, Kris Bickley, Jasmine Bomben, Thomas Braun, Krissy Brouner, Tamara Casper, Kirsten Crichton, Tanya L. Daigle, Rachel Dalley, Rebecca A. de Frates, Nick Dee, Tsega Desta, Samuel Dingman Lee, Nadezhda Dotson, Tom Egdorf, Lauren Ellingwood, Rachel Enstrom, Luke Esposito, Colin Farrell, David Feng, Olivia Fong, Rohan Gala, Clare Gamlin, Amanda Gary, Alexandra Glandon, Jeff Goldy, Melissa Gorham, Lucas Graybuck, Hong Gu, Kristen Hadley, Michael J. Hawrylycz, Alex M. Henry, DiJon Hill, Madie Hupp, Sara Kebede, Tae Kyung Kim, Lisa Kim, Matthew Kroll, Changkyu Lee, Katherine E. Link, Matthew Mallory, Rusty Mann, Michelle Maxwell, Medea McGraw, Delissa McMillen, Alice Mukora, Lindsay Ng, Lydia Ng, Kiet Ngo, Philip R. Nicovich, Aaron Oldre, Daniel Park, Hanchuan Peng, Osnat Penn, Thanh Pham, Alice Pom, Zoran Popovi, Lydia Potekhina, Ramkumar Rajanbabu
Issue&Volume: 2020/11/12
Abstract: Neurons are frequently classified into distinct types on the basis of structural, physiological, or genetic attributes. To better constrain the definition of neuronal cell types, we characterized the transcriptomes and intrinsic physiological properties of over 4,200 mouse visual cortical GABAergic interneurons and reconstructed the local morphologies of 517 of those neurons. We find that most transcriptomic types (t-types) occupy specific laminar positions within visual cortex, and, for most types, the cells mapping to a t-type exhibit consistent electrophysiological and morphological properties. These properties display both discrete and continuous variation among t-types. Through multimodal integrated analysis, we define 28 met-types that have congruent morphological, electrophysiological, and transcriptomic properties and robust mutual predictability. We identify layer-specific axon innervation pattern as a defining feature distinguishing different met-types. These met-types represent a unified definition of cortical GABAergic interneuron types, providing a systematic framework to capture existing knowledge and bridge future analyses across different modalities.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.057
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)31254-X