美国布朗大学Peter Belenky研究团队的一项最新研究成果，揭示了微生物代谢调节小鼠肠道微生物群的抗生素敏感性。该研究成果于2019年9月12日在线发表于《细胞—代谢》。

研究人员应用宏基因组和元变构方法将小鼠肠道菌群的抗生素诱导的分类学和转录应答联系起来。他们发现抗生素显著改变了整个群体和单一物种水平的关键代谢途径的表达。值得注意的是，响应于阿莫西林而爆发的拟杆菌（Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron）上调多糖利用。在体外，他们发现这种细菌对阿莫西林的敏感性因葡萄糖而升高，并因多糖降低。因此，他们发现膳食组成影响了B.thetaiotaomicron的丰度和扩增，以及阿莫西林对微生物组破坏的程度。他们的工作表明微生物组的代谢环境在该群体对抗生素的应答中起作用。

据悉，尽管抗生素会干扰肠道微生物种群的结构，但对调节这些扰动的因素却知之甚少。细菌代谢是体外易感性的重要调节因子，并且可能在宿主中起重要作用。

附：英文原文

Title: Microbial Metabolism Modulates Antibiotic Susceptibility within the Murine Gut Microbiome

Author: Damien J. Cabral, Swathi Penumutchu, Elizabeth M. Reinhart, Cheng Zhang, Benjamin J. Korry, Jenna I. Wurster, Rachael Nilson, August Guang, William H. Sano, Aislinn D. Rowan-Nash, Hu Li, Peter Belenky

Issue&Volume: 12 September 2019

Summary: 

Although antibiotics disturb the structure of the gut microbiota, factors that modulate these perturbations are poorly understood. Bacterial metabolism is an important regulator of susceptibility in vitro and likely plays a large role within the host. We applied a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approach to link antibiotic-induced taxonomic and transcriptional responses within the murine microbiome. We found that antibiotics significantly alter the expression of key metabolic pathways at the whole-community and single-species levels. Notably, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which blooms in response to amoxicillin, upregulated polysaccharide utilization. In vitro, we found that the sensitivity of this bacterium to amoxicillin was elevated by glucose and reduced by polysaccharides. Accordingly, we observed that dietary composition affected the abundance and expansion of B. thetaiotaomicron, as well as the extent of microbiome disruption with amoxicillin. Our work indicates that the metabolic environment of the microbiome plays a role in the response of this community to antibiotics.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.020

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(19)30449-8