论文标题：Fast eating is a strong risk factor for new-onset diabetes among the Japanese general population

期刊：Scientific Reports

作者：Akihiro Kudo,Koichi Asahi,Hiroaki Satoh,Kunitoshi Iseki,Toshiki Moriyama,Kunihiro Yamagata,Kazuhiko Tsuruya,Shouichi Fujimoto,Ichiei Narita,Tsuneo Konta,Masahide Kondo,Yugo Shibagaki,Masato Kasahara,Tsuyoshi Watanabe,Michio Shimabukuro

发表时间：2019/06/03

数字识别码：10.1038/s41598-019-44477-9

尽管有许多研究调查了摄入食物的种类和数量，以及摄入食物的频率与新发糖尿病之间的关系。但目前还没有什么研究，着重调查饮食的方式（例如不吃早饭，吃零食，进食的速度）与新发糖尿病之间的关系。

近期，在发表于Scientific Reports上的Fast eating is a strong risk factor for new-onset diabetes among the Japanese general population一文中，来自日本福岛县立医科大学的Michio Shimabukuro及同事在日本全国范围内，调查了进食的速度，与其他饮食习惯如吃零食，不吃早饭等，与新发糖尿病之间的关系。作者从日本的全国年度健康检查项目中获得了数据。针对197,825位在2008年未患糖尿病的参与者进行了问卷调查，记录了参与者的饮食习惯（进食的速度，晚餐后及睡觉前吃零食，不吃早饭）。并利用未经调整和多变量调整的逻辑回归模型，来测量3年随访中新发糖尿病的比值比。

图1 新发糖尿病的快速进食组和非快速组

研究发现，新发糖尿病组的快速进食者、晚饭后吃零食者、睡前吃零食者和不吃早餐者的比例高于未患糖尿病的组。与非快速进食者组相比，快速进食组一般较年轻，BMI值较高，20年后体重增加较多，在1年内体重波动频繁（波动≥3 kg）。即使在校正了年龄、体重、体重变化率、血压、吸烟和饮酒等多种因素后，快速进食者患糖尿病的风险仍然存在。结果表明，在新发糖尿病患者的饮食习惯中，快速进食是一个独立的诱发因素。而其他的饮食习惯则不能作为糖尿病发病的独立诱发因素。未来的研究需要评估避免快速进食是否有助于预防糖尿病。

摘要：Although many studies that have examined the relationship of type and amount of food and the frequency of eating with new onset of diabetes, there are few reports on the relationship between how meals are eaten, such as skipping breakfast, snacking or food ingestion speed, and the onset of diabetes. We investigated the relationship between eating speed, as well as other eating habits such as snacking and skip breakfast, and new onset of diabetes in a nation-wide Japanese cohort. We obtained data from the nation-wide annual health check program in Japan. In 197,825 participants without diabetes in 2008, questionnaires recorded data on the diet habits (eating speed, snack after supper or before sleep, and skipping breakfast) and unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to measure the odds ratio of new-onset diabetes mellitus in a 3-year follow up. The proportion of fast eaters, those who snack after supper, snack before sleep, and skip breakfast was higher in the new-onset diabetes group than in the group who did not develop diabetes mellitus. As compared with the non-fast eater group, fast eaters were generally younger, had higher BMI, had more weight gain from 20 years onwards, and experienced frequent weight fluctuations of ≥3 kg within 1 year. The risk of fast eaters developing diabetes mellitus remained even after correction for multiple factors including age, body weight, rate of weight change, blood pressure, smoking, and alcohol consumption. No other eating habits were independent predictors for onset of diabetes mellitus. Results show that fast eating is a sole predisposing factor among eating habits for new-onset diabetes. Future studies were warranted to evaluate whether avoidance of fast eating is beneficial for prevention of diabetes mellitus.

(来源:科学网)