近日，中山大学奚志勇教授团队报道了一项新技术，通过联合昆虫不相容与昆虫不育技术用于清除蚊子。这一研究成果发表于2019年8月1日出版的国际学术期刊《自然》上。

研究人员发现，联合昆虫不相容与昆虫不育技术（IIT-SIT）可以几乎完全消除世界上最具侵入性蚊子物种（白纹伊蚊）的野生种群。数百万工厂饲养的成年雄蚊携带着三种人工Wolbachia菌的感染被释放，并且释放的雌蚊在蛹期就接受了辐射，从而可以避免三种菌感染的雌蚊不经意释放导致其与同样感染的雄蚊重新野外繁殖的可能性。这个成功的野外试验证明了IIT-SIT联合使用对蚊子进行区域性控制的可行性。

据悉，基于放射的昆虫不育技术（SIT）已经成功地抑制一些害虫种类的数量，但其对蚊子控制的影响却有限。与之相关的昆虫不相容技术（IIT）是一个有前景的选择，其通过母源遗传的内共生细菌Wolbachia来导致不育，但其效果又会被偶然释放带有同样Wolbachia菌的母蚊子所削减。

更多阅读：

目前，奚志勇团队在广州科学城建成3500多平方米的蚊子大规模生产基地，每周可生产雄蚊达到2000万只，开展“基于Wolbachia的新型微生物农药技术产业化应用研究”。经过2-3年持续释放不育雄蚊的田间试验，证实基于Wolbachia的蚊媒控制策略高效环保，白纹伊蚊种群压制效果高达95%以上。（据中山大学网站）

附：英文原文

Title: Incompatible and sterile insect techniques combined eliminate mosquitoes

Author: Xiaoying Zheng, Dongjing Zhang, Yongjun Li, Cui Yang, Yu Wu, Xiao Liang, Yongkang Liang, Xiaoling Pan, Linchao Hu, Qiang Sun, Xiaohua Wang, Yingyang Wei, Jian Zhu, Wei Qian, Ziqiang Yan, Andrew G. Parker, Jeremie R. L. Gilles, Kostas Bourtzis

Issue&Volume: Volume 572 Issue 7767

Abstract: The radiation-based sterile insect technique (SIT) has successfully suppressed field populations of several insect pest species, but its effect on mosquito vector control has been limited. The related incompatible insect technique (IIT)which uses sterilization caused by the maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachiais a promising alternative, but can be undermined by accidental release of females infected with the same Wolbachia strain as the released males. Here we show that combining incompatible and sterile insect techniques (IITSIT) enables near elimination of field populations of the worlds most invasive mosquito species, Aedes albopictus. Millions of factory-reared adult males with an artificial triple-Wolbachia infection were released, with prior pupal irradiation of the released mosquitoes to prevent unintentionally released triply infected females from successfully reproducing in the field. This successful field trial demonstrates the feasibility of area-wide application of combined IITSIT for mosquito vector control.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1407-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1407-9