论文标题:Women’s revealing Halloween costumes: other-objectification and sexualization
期刊:Fashion and Textiles
作者:Sharron J. Lennon, Zhiying Zheng, Aziz Fatnassi
发表时间:2016/10/28
数字识别码:10.1186/s40691-016-0073-x
原文链接:https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40691-016-0073-x?utm_source=WeChat&utm_medium=Website_linksSocial_media_organic&utm_content=CelZha-MixedBrand-multijournal-Multidisciplinary-China&utm_campaign=ORG_AWA_CZH_BMCWechat_dailyposts_blogs
微信链接:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/YzZZEx8wP6jkd60gKiPpVg
原文作者:Sharron J. Lennon, Zhiying Zheng, Aziz Fatnassi
发表在期刊Fashion and Textiles上的一篇研究指出,女性的万圣节服装往往比男性的更为暴露,而这可能会导致更多对女性的“性欲化”(sexualization)和物化(objectification)。
许多不同领域的研究者都注意到,大众传媒中出现的女性常身着暴露性感的服装,而这样的呈现往往会导致一些不好的结果,比如对女性的性欲化。
根据美国心理学会的《女孩性欲化报告》(APA Task Force report on the Sexualization of Girls),认为某人的价值仅建立在她的性吸引力上,不包含任何其他方面的价值,是为对其的“性欲化”。认为女性只有符合非常狭义严格的肉体标准时才被认为是性感的,也是“性欲化”。“性欲化”也包括被他人性物化,即被当作一个只有性用途的物品,而非一个可以独立做决定的个体,还包括身上被别人强加一个性感/性欲的标签。
事实上有研究发现,在美国文化中,女性经常被性物化或者被按照性吸引力评估价值,这一点在媒体上非常清楚明显。物化既对物化者有害,也对被物化者有害。同一个研究还指出,人们会物化那些穿着暴露性感服装的人,因此暴露性感的服装与物化之间存在关联。
在Fashion and Textiles的这个研究中,研究者们对性感的万圣节服饰起了兴趣,想确定这些服饰是否也会导致物化和性欲化。
研究结果显示,正如预料中一样,穿着性感万圣节服饰的女性被性欲化的程度更高。
在这个研究中,研究者们做了两个调查。第一个调查的主题是,确定女性的万圣节服饰是否比男性的更暴露。第二个调查则是为了搞清楚,穿着暴露的万圣节服饰的女性是否会被他人物化(物化也是性欲化的一种类型)。
为了做好第一个调查,研究者们从一个万圣节服饰网站上买了124套一一对应的万圣节服装(比如男警察制服和女警察制服),然后对它们的暴露程度进行打分,评判标准包括紧身程度、露肤程度。通过统计分析,研究者们发现女性的服装明显比男性服装更紧身、更暴露。
第二个调查中,科学家们招募了295名参与者来进行一个网上实验,给被试们看穿着不同暴露程度万圣节服装的女性图片。每个图片下面都会有一段文字:“这位女士正在去参加万圣节派对的路上。请用下面的系统评价她的性格。她有/是……”后面会有一系列形容词,用以让被试评价图片上的女性。
研究者认为,如果一个人主要是被按照其性吸引力评价,那么一个合理的假设是,她在性感相关的特征上会被打分更高,而其他正面特征上会得到较低的分。
结果显示,与穿着不暴露万圣节服装的女性相比,穿着暴露的女性确实得到了更性欲化的评价,但同时也被认为更不体贴、更不忠诚、更没有道德感、更不真诚和更不自重。进一步的分析显示,男性和女性都会性物化这些穿着万圣节服饰的女性。尽管在性物化的特征上,男性打出的分数比女性要高,但男女两性都会性物化这些性感的万圣节女郎。
这些结果无一不显示,万圣节服装确实会促进女性的被性欲化,因此万圣节派对也很有可能给参与者带来性物化他人的体验。男性和女性都会性欲化穿着性感的女性,因此参加万圣节派对的人应该仔细考虑自己所选的装束。现在万圣节的变装活动在大学校园尤为流行,这一研究中所发现的性欲化现象,或许应该引起大学管理者、顾问和姐妹会/兄弟会负责人的关注。
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摘要:
Women are depicted in revealing dress in the media and the depictions have costs such as objectification. Objectification theory explains that women in Westernized cultures are looked at, evaluated, and potentially objectified by others. Accordingly, objectifying gaze (by others) evokes self-objectification which has effects such as habitual body and appearance monitoring. According to the theory being objectified by others precedes self-objectification, which suggests that objectification by others could be more prevalent than self-objectification and potentially just as harmful. Researchers have found that self-objectification and other-objectification can be induced by revealing dress manipulations that vary in tightness or body coverage. We studied Halloween costumes as a site for objectification of others. In Study 1, 124 pairs of men’s and women’s Halloween costumes were content analyzed. Women’s costumes were significantly more revealing than men’s in tightness and body coverage. Since sexual objectification in the media is assessed by the presence of revealing dress in media depictions, we reasoned that women’s revealing Halloween costumes could be sexually objectifying. In Study 2, 295 participants rated women wearing revealing or non-revealing costumes in an online experiment. Women wearing revealing costumes were sexually objectified by participants. Although men rated costumed women higher on the sexually objectifying traits than women, both men and women objectified the costumed women in the revealing dress condition. Dress researchers may wish to apply objectification theory to re-interpret and explain early research on revealing dress.
阅读论文全文请访问:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40691-016-0073-x?utm_source=WeChat&utm_medium=Website_linksSocial_media_organic&utm_content=CelZha-MixedBrand-multijournal-Multidisciplinary-China&utm_campaign=ORG_AWA_CZH_BMCWechat_dailyposts_blogs
期刊介绍:
Fashion & Textiles(https://link.springer.com/journal/40691) is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal dedicated to promoting scholarly exchange among academic and industrial researchers in the field of fashion and textiles.
The journal aims to advance knowledge and to seek new perspectives in the fashion and textiles industry worldwide. We welcome original research articles, reviews, case studies, book reviews and letters to the editor.
(来源:科学网)
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