Science, 5 JUN 2025, VOL 388, ISSUE 6751

《科学》2025年6月5日，第388卷，6751期

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材料科学Materials Science

Passive cooling paint enabled by rational design of thermal-optical and mass transfer properties

通过合理设计热光学和传质特性实现被动冷却涂料

▲ 作者：JIPENG FEI, XUAN ZHANG, DI HAN, YUE LEI, FEI XIE, KAI ZHOU, ET AL.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt3372

▲摘要：

集成辐射和蒸发冷却显示了增强被动冷却的前景，但耐用的自固化集成冷却涂料仍未充分开发。研究组设计了一种具有先进的热光学和传质性能的改良胶凝结构，在确保耐用性、机械强度和广泛粘附性的同时提高了冷却能力。该涂料实现了88~92%的太阳反射率（取决于湿度）、95%的大气窗口发射率、约30%的保水性和自补充性能，即使在潮湿情况下也能保持稳定的光学性能。在热带新加坡地区进行的现场测试表明，与商用白色涂料相比，该涂料具有优越的冷却性能。试点规模的示范突出了在不同天气条件下持续的电力节约，这一点得到了理论模型的支持。通过利用可持续的水蒸发和热辐射，这种涂料为缓解城市热岛效应提供了一个实用且长期的解决方案。

▲ Abstract：

Integrating radiative and evaporative cooling shows promise for enhancing passive cooling, but durable self-curing integrated cooling paints remain underdeveloped. We designed a modified cementitious structure with advanced thermal-optical and mass transfer properties, boosting cooling power while ensuring durability, mechanical strength, and broad adhesion. The paint achieves 88 to 92% solar reflectance (depending on wetting), 95% atmospheric window emittance, ~30% water retention, and self-replenishing properties, maintaining stable optical performance even when wet. Field tests in tropical Singapore demonstrated superior cooling performance compared with commercial white paints. Pilot-scale demonstrations highlighted consistent electricity savings under varying weather conditions, supported by theoretical modeling. By leveraging sustainable water evaporation and thermal radiation, this paint offers a practical and long-term solution for mitigating the urban heat island effect.

Tellurium nanowire retinal nanoprosthesis improves vision in models of blindness

碲纳米线视网膜纳米假体改善了失明动物的视力

▲ 作者：SHUIYUAN WANG, CHENGYONG JIANG, YIYE YU, ZHENHAN ZHANG, RUGE QUHE, RUYI YANG, ET AL.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu2987

▲摘要：

目前的视力恢复技术有很大的局限性，限制了其在临床环境中的应用。研究组利用碲纳米线网络（TeNWNs）制造了一种视网膜下纳米假体，将可见光和近红外-II光谱转换为电信号。通过结合窄带隙、强吸收和工程不对称实现了广谱覆盖。将TeNWNs植入失明小鼠后，瞳孔反射恢复，并在1550 nm可见光和近红外光下实现了视觉提示学习。在非人灵长类动物中，TeNWNs引发了强大的视网膜源性神经反应，证实了生物相容性和可行性。通过恢复失去的光敏性和将视力扩展到近红外，这种纳米假体为恢复视力提供了一种颇有前景的方法。

▲ Abstract：

Present vision restoration technologies have substantial constraints that limit their application in the clinical setting. In this work, we fabricated a subretinal nanoprosthesis using tellurium nanowire networks (TeNWNs) that converts light of both the visible and near-infrared–II spectra into electrical signals. The broad-spectrum coverage is made possible by a combination of narrow bandgaps, strong absorption, and engineered asymmetries. Implanted into blind mice, the TeNWNs restored pupillary reflexes and enabled visually cued learning under visible and near-infrared 1550-nanometer light. In nonhuman primates, TeNWNs elicited robust retina-derived neural responses, confirming biocompatibility and feasibility. By restoring lost photosensitivity and extending vision to near-infrared, this nanoprosthesis offers a promising approach for restoring vision.

物理学Physics

Direct measurement of the quantum metric tensor in solids

直接测量固体中的量子几何张量

▲ 作者：SUNJE KIM, YOONAH CHUNG, YUTING QIAN, SOOBIN PARK, CHRIS JOZWIAK, ELI ROTENBERG, ET AL.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado6049

▲摘要：

量子几何张量是现代物理学中的一个核心几何量，被定义为邻近量子态之间的距离。尽管其与固体中诸多基本物理现象的关联已被广泛强调，但测量真实固态材料中的完整量子几何张量颇具挑战性。

研究组报道了用黑磷作为代表材料直接测量固体中布洛赫电子的完整量子几何张量，从角分辨光电子能谱测量的偏振依赖性中提取了价带赝自旋织构的动量空间分布。

该方法有望推进人们对广泛晶体系统中量子几何响应的深入理解。

▲ Abstract：

The quantum metric tensor is a central geometric quantity in modern physics that is defined as the distance between nearby quantum states. Despite numerous studies highlighting its relevance to fundamental physical phenomena in solids, measuring the complete quantum metric tensors in real solid-state materials is challenging. In this work, we report a direct measurement of the full quantum metric tensors of Bloch electrons in solids using black phosphorus as a representative material. We extracted the momentum space distribution of the pseudospin texture of the valence band from the polarization dependence of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurement. Our approach is poised to advance our understanding of quantum geometric responses in a wide class of crystalline systems.

化学Chemistry

Interface morphogenesis with a deformable secondary phase in solid-state lithium batteries

固态锂电池中具有可变形次生相的界面形态发生

▲ 作者：SUN GEUN YOON, BAIRAV S. VISHNUGOPI, DOUGLAS LARS NELSON, ADRIAN XIAO BIN YONG, YINGJIN WANG, STEPHANIE ELIZABETH SANDOVAL, ET AL.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt5229

▲摘要：

锂金属在固态电解质界面处的复杂形态演变限制了固态电池的性能，导致不均匀反应和接触损耗。受生物形态发生的启发，研究组开发了一种界面自调节概念，其中可变形的次生相在响应局部电化学机械刺激时动态聚集在界面上，从而增强了接触。剥离含有5~20 mol %电化学惰性钠畴的锂电极会导致钠在界面上自发积聚，钠变形以实现紧密电接触，而不会阻碍锂的传输。动态原位X射线断层扫描和电子显微镜表征了该过程，即减轻了空隙化并改善了低堆压下的循环。添加电化学惰性碱金属以提高性能的反直觉策略证明了固态电池界面自调节的实用性。

▲ Abstract：

The complex morphological evolution of lithium metal at the solid-state electrolyte interface limits performance of solid-state batteries, leading to inhomogeneous reactions and contact loss. Inspired by biological morphogenesis, we developed an interfacial self-regulation concept in which a deformable secondary phase dynamically aggregates at the interface in response to local electro-chemo-mechanical stimuli, enhancing contact. The stripping of a lithium electrode that contains 5 to 20 mole % electrochemically inactive sodium domains causes spontaneous sodium accumulation across the interface, with the sodium deforming to attain intimate electrical contact without blocking lithium transport. This process, characterized with operando x-ray tomography and electron microscopy, mitigates voiding and improves cycling at low stack pressures. The counterintuitive strategy of adding electrochemically inactive alkali metal to improve performance demonstrates the utility of interfacial self-regulation for solid-state batteries.

In-insect synthesis of oxygen-doped molecular nanocarbons

在昆虫体内合成掺氧分子纳米碳

▲ 作者：ATSUSHI USAMI, HIDEYA KONO, VIC AUSTEN, QUAN MANH PHUNG, HIROKI SHUDO, TOMOKI KATO, ET AL.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp9384

▲摘要：

许多功能分子和材料已实现通过有机化学或体外酶方法制备。个体生物（如昆虫）有望成为天然反应平台，其中高密度的多种酶可以进行新的和复杂的反应。研究组报道了一种利用其异生物质代谢的“昆虫体内”非自然产物合成策略。他们选择性地将带状和环状分子纳米碳转化为传统方法难以制备的衍生物，其中氧原子插入芳香环中。细胞色素P450变体很可能是负责该反应的酶。分子动力学模拟和量子化学计算表明了底物并入酶的可能模式，以及氧直接插入碳-碳键的非常规机制。

▲ Abstract：

Many functional molecules and materials have been produced with organic chemistry or with in vitro enzymatic approaches. Individual organisms, such as insects, have the potential to serve as natural reaction platforms in which high densities of multiple enzymes can perform new and complex reactions. We report an “in-insect” unnatural product synthesis that takes advantage of their xenobiotic metabolism. We selectively transform belt- and ring-shaped molecular nanocarbons into otherwise difficult-to-prepare derivatives in which oxygen atoms are inserted into aromatic rings. Cytochrome P450 variants are most likely the enzymes responsible for this reaction. Molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations indicated a possible mode of substrate incorporation into the enzyme and an unconventional mechanism of direct oxygen insertion into carbon–carbon bonds.