编译|冯维维

SCIENCE, 23 OCT 2025, VOLUME 390, ISSUE 6771

《科学》2025年10月23日，第390卷，6771期

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生命科学 Life Science

Positive affective contagion in bumble bees

熊蜂中的积极情感传染

▲ 作者：JOSé E. ROMERO-GONZáLEZ, ZHENWEI ZHUO, LULU CHEN, CHAOYANG PENG, CWYN SOLVI , AND FEI PENG

▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr0216

▲摘要：

情感传染是共情的一个核心组成部分，已在社会性脊椎动物中得到广泛证实，但其是否存在于任何无脊椎动物中尚属未知。

研究者采用认知偏差范式，证明了熊蜂中存在积极的情感传染。在使用不同强化物的彩色花朵上接受训练后，与处于积极情感状态的同种蜜蜂互动过的蜜蜂，比对照组更快且更有可能降落在颜色模棱两可的花朵上，这表明积极判断偏好在蜜蜂之间发生了转移。

额外的观察和实验表明，情感可以在蜜蜂之间无需身体接触即可传递，即仅通过视觉模态。研究结果表明，情感传染可能是一种在社会性脊椎动物和社会性昆虫中都存在的、在进化上广泛存在的机制。

▲ Abstract：

Affective contagion, a core component of empathy, has been widely characterized in social vertebrates but its existence in any invertebrate is unknown. Using a cognitive bias paradigm we demonstrate positive affective contagion in bumble bees. After being trained on colored flowers with different reinforcements, bees that interacted with a conspecific in a positive affective state were quicker and more likely than controls to land on ambiguous colored flowers, indicating the transfer of a positive judgment bias between bees. Additional observations and experiments showed that affect could be transmitted between bees without physical contact, i.e., through visual modality alone. Our findings suggest that affective contagion may be an evolutionarily widespread mechanism present in both social vertebrates and social insects.

Unsaturated fat alters clock phosphorylation to align rhythms to the season in mice

不饱和脂肪通过改变时钟蛋白磷酸化使小鼠节律与季节同步

▲ 作者：DANIEL C. LEVINE, RASMUS H. REEH, THOMAS MCMAHON, THOMAS MANDRUP-POULSEN, YING-HUI FU, AND LOUIS J. PTá?EK

▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp30659527-5

▲摘要：

生物钟帮助生物体与全年的昼夜循环和日照长度季节性变化保持同步。然而，这些时钟也对外部信号作出反应，使其能够进行相应调整。研究者报告称，除了对光线变化作出反应外，小鼠也对饮食成分的季节性变化作出反应。在夏季，动物从饮食中摄取更多脂肪。

他们发现，高脂肪饮食，特别是多不饱和脂肪酸，能增强动物对夏季较长光照周期的同步能力，但降低了它们对冬季较短光照周期的同步速率。这种同步需要生物钟组件——PERIOD2蛋白发生磷酸化。

▲ Abstract：

Circadian clocks help organisms stay in sync with day-night cycles and seasonal changes in day length throughout the year. However, these clocks also respond to external signals, enabling them to adjust in turn. Levine et al. report that in addition to responding to changes in light, mice respond to seasonal changes in dietary components. In summer, animals have more access to fats in their diet. The authors found that a diet high in fat, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, enhanced the animals’ entrainment to a longer summerlike light cycle but decreased their rate of entrainment to a winter-like shorter light cycle. The entrainment required phosphorylation of a circadian clock component, the PERIOD2 protein.

Predicting protein-protein interactions in the human proteome

预测人类蛋白质组中的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用

▲ 作者：JING ZHANG, IAN R. HUMPHREYS, JIMIN PEI, JINUK KIM, CHULWON CHOI, RONGQING YUAN, JESSE DURHAM, SIQI LIU, HEE-JUNG CHOI, AND QIAN CONG, etc.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt1630

▲摘要：

分子生物学领域的一项重大挑战是理解生物体内哪些蛋白质会与其他蛋白质发生相互作用，理想情况下还需达到高分辨率精度。研究者开发了一种用于预测蛋白质复合物结构的深度学习模型，并将其应用于人类相互作用组。

他们的方法包括处理来自可用基因组的额外数据，并利用这些数据来补充多序列比对。他们还添加了从AlphaFold2预测结果中提取的域-域相互作用信息。该模型为约5500种先前未知的人类蛋白质相互作用提供了预测结构，其中涉及参与免疫、代谢和细胞信号传导的蛋白质。

▲ Abstract：

A grand challenge in molecular biology is understanding which proteins in an organism interact with which other proteins, ideally with high-resolution accuracy. Zhang et al. developed a deep learning model for predicting protein complex structures and applied it to the human interactome. Their method involves processing additional data from available genomes and using it to supplement multiple sequence alignments. They also added information from domain-domain interactions extracted from AlphaFold2 predictions. Their model provides predicted structures for about 5500 previously unknown interactions of human proteins, including proteins involved in immunity, metabolism, and cell signaling.

物理学Physics

Nonlinear wave dynamics on a chip

芯片上的非线性波动力学

▲ 作者：MATTHEW T. REEVES, WALTER W. WASSERMAN, RAYMOND A. HARRISON, IGOR MARINKOVI?, NICOLE LUU, ANDREAS SAWADSKY, YASMINE L. SFENDLA, GLEN I. HARRIS, WARWICK P. BOWEN, AND CHRISTOPHER G. BAKER

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady3042

▲摘要：

浅水波是非线性流体动力学的一个显著例子，会引发海啸和波浪起伏等现象。这类动力学通常需要在数百米长的波浪水槽中进行研究。研究者展示了一种芯片级波浪水槽，它利用纳米厚度的超流氦薄膜和光机械相互作用，实现了超越极端陆地水流的非线性效应。

测量结果揭示了波陡化、冲击波阵面和孤立波裂变等非线性行为——这些是理论预测在超流氦中会出现但从未被直接观测到的现象。

该方法能够实现光刻定义的波浪水槽几何形状、对流体动力学特性的光机械控制，以及比陆地水槽快数个数量级的测量速度。这种结合了量子流体和纳米光子学的方法，为在微观尺度探索复杂波动力学提供了一个平台。

▲ Abstract：

Shallow-water waves are a notable example of nonlinear hydrodynamics, giving rise to phenomena such as tsunamis and undular waves. These dynamics are typically studied in hundreds-of-meters-long wave flumes. In this work, we demonstrate a chip-scale wave flume, which exploits nanometer-thick superfluid helium films and optomechanical interactions to achieve nonlinearities surpassing those of extreme terrestrial flows. Measurements reveal wave steepening, shock fronts, and solitary wave fission—nonlinear behaviors predicted in superfluid helium but never directly observed. Our approach enables lithography-defined wave flume geometries, optomechanical control of hydrodynamic properties, and orders-of-magnitude faster measurements than terrestrial flumes. This approach combining quantum fluids and nanophotonics provides a platform to explore complex wave dynamics at the microscale.

Room-temperature charge localization in ion-coupled bilayer transistors

离子耦合双层晶体管中的室温电荷局域化

▲ 作者：MENGYU GAO, HANYU HONG, SICHENG FAN, TOMOJIT CHOWDHURY, ZEHRA NAQVI, JINGYUAN GE, CE LIANG, YU HAN AND JIWOONG PARK, etc

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.ady7969

▲摘要：

控制固体中可移动电荷的局域化能够促成相关物理现象的发现，但要将其应用于下一代电子器件的开发，则需要在实用条件下实现这种控制。

研究者报告了在高质量双层晶体管中实现了室温下可切换的电荷局域化，该晶体管结构包含一层单层分子晶体置于单层半导体之上。通过使用离子栅极，他们选择性地填充了局域化的分子态或半导体能带态，在高达每平方厘米3×10¹³的电荷密度下实现了从可移动电荷到完全局域化的转变。

这一转变通过耦合电子-离子偶极子的形成在能量上得到稳定，并且可通过库仑工程进行调控。这些特性进一步实现了无需替代掺杂剂的单能带双极性晶体管，展示了电子-离子关联在实际电子应用中的潜力。

▲ Abstract：

Controlling the localization of mobile charges in solids enables the discovery of correlated physical phenomena, but applying it for the development of next-generation electronics requires achieving such control under practical conditions. In this study, we report room-temperature, switchable charge localization in high-quality bilayer transistors that comprise a monolayer of molecular crystal on top of a monolayer semiconductor. By using an ion gate, we selectively populated either localized molecular states or semiconductor band states, achieving complete localization from mobile charges at densities up to 3 ×10¹³ per square centimeter. This transition was energetically stabilized by the formation of coupled electron-ion dipoles, which could be tuned through Coulomb engineering. These properties further enabled single-band ambipolar transistor operation without substitutional dopants, demonstrating the potential of electron-ion correlations for practical electronic applications.

Observation of the distribution of nuclear magnetization in a molecule

分子中核磁化分布的观测

▲ 作者：S. G. WILKINS, S. M. UDRESCU, M. ATHANASAKIS-KAKLAMANAKIS, R. F. GARCIA RUIZ, M. AU, I. BELO?EVI?, R. BERGER, M. L. BISSELL, A. A. BREIER , AND C. ZüLCH

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adm7717

▲摘要：

对分子的精确实验控制与探测，以及对其结构的理论计算，正在丰富核物理与粒子物理现象的研究。含有重的、八极形变核（如镭）的分子尤其引人关注。

研究者报道了对放射性分子氟化镭（²²⁵Ra¹⁹F）结构的精密激光光谱测量与理论计算结果。我们的研究结果揭示了电子-原子核短程相互作用的精细细节，表明该分子对镭核内部的磁化分布具有高度敏感性。

这些结果为核体积内电子波函数描述的准确性提供了严格的检验，凸显了此类分子在研究亚原子现象方面的适用性。

▲ Abstract：

Precise experimental control and interrogation of molecules and calculations of their structure are enriching the investigation of nuclear and particle physics phenomena. Molecules containing heavy, octupole-deformed nuclei, such as radium, are of particular interest. Here, we report precision laser spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations of the structure of the radioactive radium monofluoride molecule ²²⁵Ra¹⁹F. Our results reveal fine details of the short-range electron-nucleus interaction, indicating the high sensitivity of this molecule to the distribution of magnetization, within the radium nucleus. These results provide a stringent test of the description of the electronic wave function inside the nuclear volume, highlighting the suitability of these molecules for investigating subatomic phenomena.