▲ 作者：J. E. Geach, E. Lopez-Rodriguez et al.

▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06346-4

▲ 摘要：

在此，我们报告了在一个强透镜、自身发光的星系中，从尘埃颗粒中检测到的线偏振热发射，该星系形成恒星的速度在红移为2.6处是银河系的1000倍以上，在大爆炸后的2.5 Gyr内。极化辐射是由尘埃颗粒与局部磁场的对齐引起的。

中位极化分数约为1%，与附近的螺旋星系相似。我们的观测结果认为存在一个5千帕秒尺度的有序磁场，其强度约为500μG或更低，方向平行于分子气体盘。这一发现证实了这样的结构在宇宙历史的早期可以在星系中迅速形成。

▲ Abstract：

Here we report the detection of linearly polarized thermal emission from dust grains in a strongly lensed, intrinsically luminous galaxy that is forming stars at a rate more than 1,000 times that of the Milky Way at redshift 2.6, within 2.5 Gyr of the Big Bang. The polarized emission arises from the alignment of dust grains with the local magnetic field. The median polarization fraction is of the order of 1%, similar to nearby spiral galaxies. Our observations support the presence of a 5-kiloparsec-scale ordered magnetic field with a strength of around 500 μG or lower, oriented parallel to the molecular gas disk. This confirms that such structures can be rapidly formed in galaxies, early in cosmic history.

材料科学Materials Science

▲ 作者：Ying Xu, You-Bo Ma, Feng Gu, Shan-Shan Yang & Chuan-Shan Tian

▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06374-0

▲ 摘要：

通过利用和频光谱，我们展示了石墨烯—水界面的结构演变与栅极电压的关系。Stern层中水的氢键网络在水电解窗口内几乎没有变化，但在电化学反应开启时发生了显著的变化。

在析氢反应开始时，突出在石墨烯—水界面的O-H悬挂键就消失了，这表明由于电极附近有多余的中间物质，石墨烯—水界面的最上层发生了明显的结构变化。大尺寸悬挂的原始石墨烯为揭示石墨电极界面的微观过程提供了一个新的平台。

▲ Abstract：

Using sum-frequency spectroscopy, here we show the structural evolution versus the gate voltage at the graphene–water interface. The hydrogen-bond network of water in the Stern layer is barely changed within the water-electrolysis window but undergoes notable change when switching on the electrochemical reactions. The dangling O–H bond protruding at the graphene–water interface disappears at the onset of the hydrogen evolution reaction, signifying a marked structural change on the topmost layer owing to excess intermediate species next to the electrode. The large-size suspended pristine graphene offers a new platform to unravel the microscopic processes at the graphitic-electrode interfaces.

▲ 作者：Guangxu Yang, Zhenggang Gong, Xiaolin Luo, Lihui Chen & Li Shuai

▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06507-5

▲ 摘要：

在此，我们报告了一种从木质纤维素生物质制备木质素基木材胶黏剂的简单实用的方法。我们的方法包括从生物质中分离未凝聚或略微凝聚的木质素，然后直接将木质素悬浮液和水作为胶粘剂应用于木材贴面上。

这种木质素胶粘剂可以在较宽热压温度范围内制备性能优越的胶合板产品，使这些胶粘剂在不同的市场领域成为传统木材胶粘剂的有前途的替代品。机理研究表明，木质素胶粘剂的粘附机制可能包括木质素被水软化、木质素软化后填充导管以及胶粘剂中的木质素与细胞壁中的木质素发生交联。

▲ Abstract：

Here we report a simple and practical strategy for preparing lignin-based wood adhesives from lignocellulosic biomass. Our strategy involves separation of uncondensed or slightly condensed lignins from biomass followed by direct application of a suspension of the lignin and water as an adhesive on wood veneers. Plywood products with superior performances could be prepared with such lignin adhesives at a wide range of hot-pressing temperatures, enabling the use of these adhesives as promising alternatives to traditional wood adhesives in different market segments. Mechanistic studies indicate that the adhesion mechanism of such lignin adhesives may involve softening of lignin by water, filling of vessels with softened lignin and crosslinking of lignins in adhesives with those in the cell wall.

▲ 作者：A. S. Meeussen & M. van Hecke

▲ 链接：hhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06353-5

▲ 摘要：

在此，我们的研究表明基于机械多稳定性的形状变形策略可以克服很多限制。我们专注于以自稳定伤疤模式存储机械刺激记忆的波动片状材料。在去除外部刺激后，伤疤会持续存在，并迫使材料切换到特定的弯曲、卷曲或扭曲形状。

这些稳定的形状可以通过适当的强制擦除，达到允许重写的模式和强大驱动的功能。我们的这一策略是跨材料的，可扩展到其他波动模式和不稳定性，并且对尺度没有限制，可以在从微型到建筑尺寸的不同尺度上应用。

▲ Abstract：

Here we show that shape-morphing strategies based on mechanical multistability can overcome these limitations. We focus on undulating metasheets that store memories of mechanical stimuli in patterns of self-stabilizing scars. After removing external stimuli, scars persist and force the sheet to switch to sharply selected curved, curled and twisted shapes. These stable shapes can be erased by appropriate forcing, allowing rewritable patterns and repeated and robust actuation. Our strategy is material agnostic, extendable to other undulation patterns and instabilities, and scale-free, allowing applications from miniature to architectural scales.

地理学Geography

▲ 作者：Jamison M. Gove, Gareth J. Williams et al.

▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06394-w

▲ 摘要：

在此，我们通过结合独特的20年陆地—海洋人类影响的时间序列去研究珊瑚礁的变化，其中其中包括夏威夷前所未有的海洋热浪。受到草食性鱼类数量增加、陆地因素（如废水污染和城市径流）减少影响的珊瑚礁，具有正向的珊瑚轨迹干扰。与鱼类数量减少和陆地影响增强的珊瑚礁相比，这些珊瑚礁在严重热应激后的珊瑚死亡率也略有下降。

情景模拟表明，与单独发生任何一种情况相比，同时减少陆地-海洋人类影响的结果是，在干扰发生4年后，珊瑚礁具有高造礁覆盖率的可能性要高出3至6倍。我们的研究结果表明，陆海综合管理可以帮助实现海洋保护目标，并为珊瑚礁在不断变化的气候中生存提供最佳机会。

▲ Abstract：

Here we combine surveys of reef change with a unique 20-year time series of land–sea human impacts that encompassed an unprecedented marine heatwave in Hawai‘i. Reefs with increased herbivorous fish populations and reduced land-based impacts, such as wastewater pollution and urban runoff, had positive coral cover trajectories predisturbance. These reefs also experienced a modest reduction in coral mortality following severe heat stress compared to reefs with reduced fish populations and enhanced land-based impacts. Scenario modelling indicated that simultaneously reducing land–sea human impacts results in a three- to sixfold greater probability of a reef having high reef-builder cover four years postdisturbance than if either occurred in isolation. International efforts to protect 30% of Earth’s land and ocean ecosystems by 2030 are underway. Our results reveal that integrated land–sea management could help achieve coastal ocean conservation goals and provide coral reefs with the best opportunity to persist in our changing climate.

生物学Biology