近日，德国物理研究所Sven Hfling团队报道了二维Kardar-Parisi-Zhang通用标度的观察。2026年4月9日出版的《科学》杂志发表了这项成果。

平衡态与非平衡态的物质可以表现出截然不同的行为。一个关键例子是二维空间中的Kardar-Parisi-Zhang（KPZ）普适类，其中微观上偏离平衡态会产生平衡态中不存在的宏观标度律。尽管已有广泛的理论研究，二维KPZ标度行为的实验证据此前仅限于界面生长。

研究组报道了在二维激子极化激元凝聚体中观测到KPZ普适标度行为——这是一种本质上打破平衡条件的光量子流体。通过使用光谱学和迈克尔逊干涉测量，他们探测了微观不同系统中的相位关联。该分析揭示的关联动力学和标度指数与二维KPZ理论预测高度吻合。这些结果确立了激子极化激元凝聚体作为探索二维非平衡态普适性的实验平台的地位。

附：英文原文

Title: Observation of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universal scaling in two dimensions

Author: Simon Widmann, Siddhartha Dam, Johannes Düreth, Christian G. Mayer, Romain Daviet, Carl Philipp Zelle, David Laibacher, Monika Emmerling, Martin Kamp, Sebastian Diehl, Simon Betzold, Sebastian Klembt, Sven Hfling

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-09

Abstract: Equilibrium and nonequilibrium states of matter can exhibit fundamentally different behavior. A key example is the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class in two spatial dimensions (2D KPZ), where microscopic deviations from equilibrium give rise to macroscopic scaling laws without equilibrium counterparts. Although extensively studied theoretically, experimental evidence of 2D KPZ scaling has remained limited to interface growth. Here, we report the observation of KPZ universal scaling in 2D exciton-polariton condensates—quantum fluids of light that inherently break equilibrium conditions. Using spectroscopy and Michelson interferometry, we probed the phase correlations across microscopically different systems. Our analysis revealed correlation dynamics and scaling exponents in excellent agreement with 2D KPZ predictions. These results establish exciton-polariton condensates as an experimental platform for exploring 2D nonequilibrium universality.

DOI: aeb4154

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeb4154