近日，奥利地因斯布鲁克大学Francesca Ferlaino团队研究了旋转超固体中的同步。2025年10月23日出版的《自然—物理学》杂志发表了这项成果。

同步是自然和工程系统中普遍存在的现象，控制着包括生物学、经典物理学和量子物理学在内的不同领域的集体动力学的出现。在量子多体系统中，同步已成为探测非平衡行为和内部相关性的工具。超固体——结合了晶体秩序和超流动性的量子相——提供了一个平台来探索系统中共存的破缺对称性的同步。

研究组分析了受外旋转作用的偶极超固体的动力学。他们证明，在一个临界驱动频率以上，晶体的旋转经历了与由量子化涡核播种的旋转场的突然同步，这是超流动性的标志。这种转变反映了系统的类固体响应和超流体响应之间的相互作用。通过对扩展的Gross-Pitaevskii方程的模拟与实验观测的比较，研究组证明了同步可以作为涡旋成核的一个动力学指标。这种方法为确定超固体中涡流形成的临界旋转频率提供了一种补充方法。

附：英文原文

Title: Synchronization in rotating supersolids

Author: Poli, Elena, Litvinov, Andrea, Casotti, Eva, Ulm, Clemens, Klaus, Lauritz, Mark, Manfred J., Lamporesi, Giacomo, Bland, Thomas, Ferlaino, Francesca

Issue&Volume: 2025-10-23

Abstract: Synchronization is a widespread phenomenon in natural and engineered systems, governing the emergence of collective dynamics in different domains including biology and classical and quantum physics. In quantum many-body systems, synchronization has emerged as a tool to probe out-of-equilibrium behaviour and internal correlations. Supersolids—quantum phases that combine crystalline order and superfluidity—offer a platform to explore synchronization in systems with coexisting broken symmetries. Here we investigate the dynamics of a dipolar supersolid subjected to external rotation. We show that, above a critical driving frequency, the crystal revolution undergoes a sudden synchronization with the rotating field seeded by the nucleation of quantized vortices, hallmark of superfluidity. This transition reflects the interplay between the solid-like and superfluid responses of the system. By comparing simulations of the extended Gross–Pitaevskii equation with experimental observations, we demonstrate that synchronization can serve as a dynamical indicator for vortex nucleation. This approach provides a complementary method to determine the critical rotation frequency for vortex formation in supersolids.

DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03065-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-025-03065-7