近日，南京工业大学黄维团队研究了基于反向逐层沉积的完全热蒸发钙钛矿太阳能电池。这一研究成果发表在2025年10月21日出版的《自然—光子学》杂志上。
热蒸发是薄膜制造中一项成熟的技术，在钙钛矿太阳能电池的规模化制备方面具有巨大潜力。然而，全热蒸发钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能仍落后于溶液法制备的器件。
研究组报道了一种反向逐层沉积策略以控制固相前驱体的扩散，即在无机前驱体（CsI/PbCl2/PbI2）沉积之前先沉积有机甲脒碘化物。后续退火处理增强了界面接触，实现了高效电荷提取以及垂直均匀性更优的自上而下钙钛矿结晶。研究组制备的全热蒸发倒置结构钙钛矿太阳能电池实现了25.19%（有效面积0.066 cm2）和23.38%（1 cm2面积）的能量转换效率。未封装的器件在最大功率点连续运行1000小时后，仍能保持初始能量转换效率的95.2%。
附：英文原文
Title: Fully thermally evaporated perovskite solar cells based on reverse layer-by-layer deposition
Author: Xu, Yutian, Xu, Kui, Pan, Tengfei, Ke, Xinwu, Li, Yajing, Meng, Na, Shi, Xiaorong, Liu, Junhao, Cui, Yuanhao, Wang, Ziqiang, Min, Xue, Lv, Yifan, Chao, Lingfeng, Hu, Zhelu, Guo, Qingxun, Xia, Yingdong, Chen, Yonghua, Huang, Wei
Issue&Volume: 2025-10-21
Abstract: Thermal evaporation is a well-established technique in thin-film manufacturing and holds great promise for the scalable fabrication of perovskite solar cells. However, the performance of fully thermally evaporated perovskite solar cells lags behind that of solution-processed counterparts. Here we report a reverse layer-by-layer deposition strategy to control the diffusion of solid-phase precursor, whereby the organic formamidinium iodide is deposited before the inorganic precursors (CsI/PbCl2/PbI2). Subsequent annealing leads to enhanced interfacial contact, efficient charge extraction and top-down perovskite crystallization with enhanced vertical uniformity. We fabricate fully thermally evaporated inverted perovskite solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of 25.19% (for an active area of 0.066cm2) and 23.38% (1cm2 area). Unencapsulated devices retain 95.2% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1,000h of continuous operation at the maximum power point.
DOI: 10.1038/s41566-025-01768-0
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-025-01768-0