中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所施剑林团队报道了纳米药物重塑肿瘤微环境用于实体肿瘤免疫治疗。相关研究成果于2024年4月2日发表于国际顶尖学术期刊《美国化学会杂志》。

尽管免疫疗法在治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤方面相对有效，但目前它们对实体瘤的疗效仍不理想，甚至无效。与血液学癌症相比，实体瘤表现出显著不同的免疫抑制微环境，严重恶化了免疫治疗的疗效：（1）缺氧和弱酸等化学特征抑制了免疫细胞的活性，（2）免疫细胞在实体瘤内微环境中的促瘤驯化进一步削弱了免疫治疗效果，（3）实体瘤组织的致密物理屏障阻止了活性免疫细胞的有效瘤内浸润和接触杀伤。

因此，研究认为逆转免疫抑制微环境是实体瘤免疫治疗的关键优先事项。由于其独特的形态、结构和组成，纳米药物已成为实现这一目标的有力工具。从这个角度来看，研究人员将首先简要介绍实体瘤的免疫抑制微环境，然后通过全面重塑肿瘤免疫微环境，总结基于纳米药物的实体瘤免疫治疗的最新进展。人们高度期望这一观点将有助于推进针对实体瘤的免疫疗法，研究人员对这一新兴领域的未来发展高度乐观。

附：英文原文

Title: Nanomedicine Remodels Tumor Microenvironment for Solid Tumor Immunotherapy

Author: Yuedong Guo, Ping Hu, Jianlin Shi

Issue&Volume: April 2, 2024

Abstract: Although immunotherapy is relatively effective in treating hematological malignancies, their efficacy against solid tumors is still suboptimal or even noneffective presently. Compared to hematological cancers, solid tumors exhibit strikingly different immunosuppressive microenvironment, severely deteriorating the efficacy of immunotherapy: (1) chemical features such as hypoxia and mild acidity suppress the activity of immune cells, (2) the pro-tumorigenic domestication of immune cells in the microenvironment within the solid tumors further undermines the effectiveness of immunotherapy, and (3) the dense physical barrier of solid tumor tissues prevents the effective intratumoral infiltration and contact killing of active immune cells. Therefore, we believe that reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment are of critical priority for the immunotherapy against solid tumors. Due to their unique morphologies, structures, and compositions, nanomedicines have become powerful tools for achieving this goal. In this Perspective, we will first briefly introduce the immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors and then summarize the most recent progresses in nanomedicine-based immunotherapy for solid tumors by remodeling tumor immune-microenvironment in a comprehensive manner. It is highly expected that this Perspective will aid in advancing immunotherapy against solid tumors, and we are highly optimistic on the future development in this burgeoning field.

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14005

Source: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jacs.3c14005