浙江省农业科学院李国景等研究人员合作发现，产量和质量性状的差异化选择塑造豇豆驯化和改良的基因组特征。2024年4月22日，《自然—遗传学》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员报告了粮用豇豆和菜用豇豆的两个高质量基因组组装，并对344个核心种质进行了重测序，以描述基因组变异景观。研究人员确定了十个重要农艺性状的39个基因位点，以及在豇豆驯化和改良过程中经过选择的超过541个潜在基因位点。特别是，在从粮用豇豆到菜用豇豆的驯化过程中，豆荚破碎位点及其邻近胁迫相关位点的同步选择，可能导致了豆荚破碎抗性的增强和胁迫抗性的降低。

此外，与荚果长度、每荚果粒数、籽粒重量、荚果和籽粒可溶性糖以及籽粒粗蛋白，相关的多个位点上的差异选择形成了豇豆产量和品质的多样性。这些研究结果为豇豆的驯化和改良足迹提供了基因组学见解，有助于在基因组知情的情况下进一步改良豇豆的栽培品种。

据了解，豇豆（热带豆科植物）对确保发展中国家，尤其是撒哈拉以南非洲国家的粮食和营养安全非常重要。

附：英文原文

Title: Differential selection of yield and quality traits has shaped genomic signatures of cowpea domestication and improvement

Author: Wu, Xinyi, Hu, Zhongyuan, Zhang, Yan, Li, Mao, Liao, Nanqiao, Dong, Junyang, Wang, Baogen, Wu, Jian, Wu, Xiaohua, Wang, Ying, Wang, Jian, Lu, Zhongfu, Yang, Yi, Sun, Yuyan, Dong, Wenqi, Zhang, Mingfang, Li, Guojing

Issue&Volume: 2024-04-22

Abstract: Cowpeas (tropical legumes) are important in ensuring food and nutritional security in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Herein, we report two high-quality genome assemblies of grain and vegetable cowpeas and we re-sequenced 344 accessions to characterize the genomic variations landscape. We identified 39 loci for ten important agronomic traits and more than 541 potential loci that underwent selection during cowpea domestication and improvement. In particular, the synchronous selections of the pod-shattering loci and their neighboring stress-relevant loci probably led to the enhancement of pod-shattering resistance and the compromise of stress resistance during the domestication from grain to vegetable cowpeas. Moreover, differential selections on multiple loci associated with pod length, grain number per pod, seed weight, pod and seed soluble sugars, and seed crude proteins shaped the yield and quality diversity in cowpeas. Our findings provide genomic insights into cowpea domestication and improvement footprints, enabling further genome-informed cultivar improvement of cowpeas.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01722-w

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-024-01722-w