近日，俄罗斯圣彼得堡国立大学的I. I. Tupitsyn及其研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们揭示超重元素中5g电子的轨道坍缩和双态。相关研究成果已于2024年4月5日在国际知名学术期刊《物理评论A》上发表。

在本文中，研究人员成功地证明了在改变原子总角动量J的过程中，5g电子轨道坍缩现象确实存在。此外，他们还发现，在部分超重元素中，相同的Dirac-Fock方程可能产生两个不同的解，这意味着5g电子有可能定位在内阱或外阱中。值得注意的是，在这两种情况下，径向波函数都是无节点的。为了更深入地探究这种双态共存问题，研究人员还采用了基于Dirac-Fock-Sturm轨道的组态相互作用方法进行了研究。

据悉，人们对超重元素原子中的5g和6f电子的轨道坍缩问题进行了深入探讨。在此之前，元素周期表中的4f和5f元素已经证实了轨道坍塌现象的存在。由于f和g电子具有较大的离心力项，其有效径向势呈现出两个截然不同的势阱：一个窄而深，另一个宽而浅。根据外部参数的变化，电子可以选择定位在结合能较低、平均半径较大的外阱中，也可以选择在能量较高、平均半径较小的内阱中。

附：英文原文

Title: Orbital collapse and dual states of the 5g electrons in superheavy elements

Author: I. I. Tupitsyn, I. M. Savelyev, Y. S. Kozhedub, D. A. Telnov, N. K. Dulaev, A. V. Malyshev, E. A. Prokhorchuk, V. M. Shabaev

Issue&Volume: 2024/04/05

Abstract: The problem of orbital collapse of the 5g and 6f electrons in atoms of superheavy elements (SHEs) is considered. Previously, the presence of the orbital collapse was established for the 4f and 5f elements of the periodic table. Because of the large centrifugal term for the f and g electrons, the effective radial potential has two wells, one narrow and deep and the other wide but shallow. Depending on the external parameters, the electron can be localized in either the outer well with low binding energy and large average radius or the inner well with higher energy and smaller radius. In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of the orbital collapse for the 5g electrons when changing the total angular momentum J of the atom. We also find that for some SHEs two different solutions of the same Dirac-Fock equations may coexist, with the 5g electron localized in either the inner or outer well. In both cases, the radial wave functions are nodeless. The problem of the dual-state coexistence is studied by the configuration-interaction method in the Dirac-Fock-Sturm orbital basis as well.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.109.042807

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.109.042807