美国国立卫生研究院Dorian B. McGavern等研究人员合作发现，静脉丛相关淋巴枢纽支持脑膜体液免疫。相关论文于2024年3月20日在线发表于国际学术期刊《自然》。

研究人员发现了有组织的淋巴结构，这些淋巴结构保护着硬脑膜上的栅栏状血管。这些硬脑膜相关淋巴组织（DALT）中最复杂的组织环绕在血窦的喙-鼻汇合处，包括淋巴管。研究人员将这种与颅骨骨髓和颅底类似静脉丛相接的结构称为喙-鼻静脉淋巴枢纽。DALT在体内平衡时存在免疫聚集体，随着年龄的增长或受到全身或鼻腔抗原的挑战后，免疫聚集体会扩大。

DALT含有生发中心B细胞，在鼻腔病原体挑战时支持产生体细胞变异的抗体生成细胞。在鼻腔病毒挑战时抑制淋巴细胞进入喙-鼻枢纽，可抑制生发中心B细胞和类别切换浆细胞的生成，B-T细胞相互作用的干扰也是如此。这些数据证明了硬脑膜血管周围的淋巴结构，可在局部病原体挑战后采样抗原并迅速支持体液免疫反应。

据介绍，人们越来越关注脑膜（环绕大脑和脊髓的膜）中的免疫细胞如何影响中枢神经系统的平衡和疾病。脑膜的外层硬脑膜最近被描述为，同时包含先天性免疫细胞和适应性免疫细胞，并且是B细胞发育的场所。

附：英文原文

Title: Venous-plexus-associated lymphoid hubs support meningeal humoral immunity

Author: Fitzpatrick, Zachary, Ghabdan Zanluqui, Nagela, Rosenblum, Jared S., Tuong, Zewen Kelvin, Lee, Colin Y. C., Chandrashekhar, Vikram, Negro-Demontel, Maria Luciana, Stewart, Andrew P., Posner, David A., Buckley, Monica, Allinson, Kieren S. J., Mastorakos, Panagiotis, Chittiboina, Prashant, Maric, Dragan, Donahue, Danielle, Helmy, Adel, Tajsic, Tamara, Ferdinand, John R., Portet, Anais, Pealver, Ana, Gillman, Eleanor, Zhuang, Zhengping, Clatworthy, Menna R., McGavern, Dorian B.

Issue&Volume: 2024-03-20

Abstract: There is increasing interest in how immune cells in the meninges—the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord—contribute to homeostasis and disease in the central nervous system1,2. The outer layer of the meninges, the dura mater, has recently been described to contain both innate and adaptive immune cells, and functions as a site for B cell development3,4,5,6. Here we identify organized lymphoid structures that protect fenestrated vasculature in the dura mater. The most elaborate of these dural-associated lymphoid tissues (DALT) surrounded the rostral-rhinal confluence of the sinuses and included lymphatic vessels. We termed this structure, which interfaces with the skull bone marrow and a comparable venous plexus at the skull base, the rostral-rhinal venolymphatic hub. Immune aggregates were present in DALT during homeostasis and expanded with age or after challenge with systemic or nasal antigens. DALT contain germinal centre B cells and support the generation of somatically mutated, antibody-producing cells in response to a nasal pathogen challenge. Inhibition of lymphocyte entry into the rostral-rhinal hub at the time of nasal viral challenge abrogated the generation of germinal centre B cells and class-switched plasma cells, as did perturbation of B–T cell interactions. These data demonstrate a lymphoid structure around vasculature in the dura mater that can sample antigens and rapidly support humoral immune responses after local pathogen challenge.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07202-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07202-9