西班牙国家基因组分析中心Holger Heyn等人合作绘制了人类扁桃体细胞图谱。这一成果由2024年1月31日出版的《免疫》发表了这项成果。

他们生成了一个人类扁桃体图谱，由超过556,000个细胞组成，通过五种不同的数据模式，包括单细胞转录组、表观基因组、蛋白质组、免疫库测序以及空间转录组学。这次普查确定了121种细胞类型和状态，定义了发育轨迹，并使人们能够理解扁桃体的功能单位。例如，他们对髓系slan样亚型进行了分层，确定了BCL6增强子在滤泡相关的T细胞和B细胞中具有局部活性，并确定了SIX5是浆细胞成熟的假定转录调节因子。

验证队列的分析证实了扁桃体细胞类型的存在、注释和标记，并提供了与年龄相关的组成变化的证据。他们通过注释来自B细胞来源的套细胞淋巴瘤的细胞，将转录异质性与人类扁桃体的正常B细胞分化状态联系起来，证明了这一资源的价值。

据悉，腭扁桃体是次级淋巴器官(SLOs)，是抵抗吸入或摄入病原体的第一道免疫防线。

附：英文原文

Title: An atlas of cells in the human tonsil

Author: Ramon Massoni-Badosa, Sergio Aguilar-Fernández, Juan C. Nieto, Paula Soler-Vila, Marc Elosua-Bayes, Domenica Marchese, Marta Kulis, Amaia Vilas-Zornoza, Marco Matteo Bühler, Sonal Rashmi, Clara Alsinet, Ginevra Caratù, Catia Moutinho, Sara Ruiz, Patricia Lorden, Giulia Lunazzi, Dolors Colomer, Gerard Frigola, Will Blevins, Lucia Romero-Rivero, Víctor Jiménez-Martínez, Anna Vidal, Judith Mateos-Jaimez, Alba Maiques-Diaz, Sara Ovejero, Jérme Moreaux, Sara Palomino, David Gomez-Cabrero, Xabier Agirre, Marc A. Weniger, Hamish W. King, Lucy C. Garner, Federico Marini, Francisco Javier Cervera-Paz, Peter M. Baptista, Isabel Vilaseca, Cecilia Rosales, Silvia Ruiz-Gaspà, Benjamin Talks, Keval Sidhpura, Anna Pascual-Reguant, Anja E. Hauser, Muzlifah Haniffa, Felipe Prosper, Ralf Küppers, Ivo Glynne Gut, Elias Campo, José Ignacio Martin-Subero, Holger Heyn

Issue&Volume: 2024-01-31

Abstract: Palatine tonsils are secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) representing the first line of immunological defense against inhaled or ingested pathogens. We generated an atlas of the human tonsil composed of >556,000 cells profiled across five different data modalities, including single-cell transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and immune repertoire sequencing, as well as spatial transcriptomics. This census identified 121 cell types and states, defined developmental trajectories, and enabled an understanding of the functional units of the tonsil. Exemplarily, we stratified myeloid slan-like subtypes, established a BCL6 enhancer as locally active in follicle-associated T and B cells, and identified SIX5 as putative transcriptional regulator of plasma cell maturation. Analyses of a validation cohort confirmed the presence, annotation, and markers of tonsillar cell types and provided evidence of age-related compositional shifts. We demonstrate the value of this resource by annotating cells from B cell-derived mantle cell lymphomas, linking transcriptional heterogeneity to normal B cell differentiation states of the human tonsil.

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.006

Source: https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(24)00031-1