上海交通大学樊春海报道了团队报道了用于通用DNA计算的基于DNA的可编程门阵列。相关研究成果发表在2023年9月13日出版的《自然》。

从特定应用到可编程，过去几十年见证了电子和光子集成电路的发展。尽管液相DNA电路在算法的编码和执行方面具有巨大的并行性的潜力，但通用DNA集成电路（DICs）的开发仍有待探索。

该文中，研究人员展示了通过集成基于多层DNA的可编程门阵列（DPGAs）的DIC系统。研究发现，使用通用单链寡核苷酸作为均匀传输信号可以可靠地集成大规模DICs，用于通用计算具有最小的泄漏和高保真度。用24重新配置单个DPGA 可寻址双轨门可以用布线指令编程，实现100多个 亿个不同的电路。此外，为了控制分子的本质随机碰撞，研究人员设计了DNA折纸寄存器，为级联DPGAs的异步执行提供方向性。

研究人员通过二次方程求解DIC来举例说明这一点，该DIC由三层级联DPGA组成，包括30 个逻辑门约500 DNA链。研究人员进一步证明，DPGA与模数转换器的集成可以对疾病相关的微小RNAs进行分类。在没有明显信号衰减的情况下集成大规模DPGA网络的能力标志着向通用DNA计算迈出了关键一步。

附：英文原文

Title: DNA-based programmable gate arrays for general-purpose DNA computing

Author: Lv, Hui, Xie, Nuli, Li, Mingqiang, Dong, Mingkai, Sun, Chenyun, Zhang, Qian, Zhao, Lei, Li, Jiang, Zuo, Xiaolei, Chen, Haibo, Wang, Fei, Fan, Chunhai

Issue&Volume: 2023-09-13

Abstract: The past decades have witnessed the evolution of electronic and photonic integrated circuits, from application specific to programmable1,2. Although liquid-phase DNA circuitry holds the potential for massive parallelism in the encoding and execution of algorithms3,4, the development of general-purpose DNA integrated circuits (DICs) has yet to be explored. Here we demonstrate a DIC system by integration of multilayer DNA-based programmable gate arrays (DPGAs). We find that the use of generic single-stranded oligonucleotides as a uniform transmission signal can reliably integrate large-scale DICs with minimal leakage and high fidelity for general-purpose computing. Reconfiguration of a single DPGA with 24 addressable dual-rail gates can be programmed with wiring instructions to implement over 100 billion distinct circuits. Furthermore, to control the intrinsically random collision of molecules, we designed DNA origami registers to provide the directionality for asynchronous execution of cascaded DPGAs. We exemplify this by a quadratic equation-solving DIC assembled with three layers of cascade DPGAs comprising 30 logic gates with around 500 DNA strands. We further show that integration of a DPGA with an analog-to-digital converter can classify disease-related microRNAs. The ability to integrate large-scale DPGA networks without apparent signal attenuation marks a key step towards general-purpose DNA computing. 

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06484-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06484-9