新加坡国立大学医学院Lin-Fa Wang团队近期取得重要工作进展，他们最新对洞穴花蜜蝙蝠体内病毒感染反应进行了单细胞转录组分析。相关研究工作2022年11月8日在线发表于《免疫学》杂志上。

研究人员利用单细胞转录组测序（scRNA-seq）来分析蝙蝠肺在体内感染双链RNA病毒（正呼肠孤病毒PRV3M）时的免疫反应。蝙蝠中性粒细胞以基础IDO1的高表达为特征。NK细胞和T细胞是肺组织中最丰富的免疫细胞。通过KLRB1、GFRA2和DPP4的差异表达，可以描绘出三种不同的CD8⁺效应T细胞群。选择NK和T簇可增加病毒感染后早期参与T细胞活化和效应功能的基因表达。肺泡巨噬细胞和经典单核细胞驱动抗病毒干扰素信号传导。感染扩大了表达胶原样基因的CSF1R⁺群体，后者在感染后成为主要的髓系细胞类型。

这项工作揭示了蝙蝠病毒疾病耐受性的相关特征，为未来的实验工作奠定了基础，并为比较免疫学研究提供了资源。

据介绍，蝙蝠是许多具有大流行潜力的人畜共患病毒的宿主。

附：英文原文

Title: Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the in vivo response to viral infection in the cave nectar bat Eonycteris spelaea

Author: Akshamal M. Gamage, Wharton O.Y. Chan, Feng Zhu, Yan Ting Lim, Sandy Long, Matae Ahn, Chee Wah Tan, Randy Jee Hiang Foo, Wan Rong Sia, Xiao Fang Lim, Haopeng He, Weiwei Zhai, Danielle E. Anderson, Radoslaw Mikolaj Sobota, Charles-Antoine Dutertre, Lin-Fa Wang

Issue&Volume: 2022/11/08

Abstract: Bats are reservoir hosts of many zoonotic viruses with pandemic potential. We utilizedsingle-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze the immune response inbat lungs upon in vivo infection with a double-stranded RNA virus, Pteropine orthoreovirus PRV3M. Bat neutrophils were distinguished by high basal IDO1 expression. NK cells and T cells were the most abundant immune cells in lung tissue.Three distinct CD8+ effector T cell populations could be delineated by differential expression of KLRB1, GFRA2, and DPP4. Select NK and T clusters increased expression of genes involved in T cell activationand effector function early after viral infection. Alveolar macrophages and classicalmonocytes drove antiviral interferon signaling. Infection expanded a CSF1R+ population expressing collagen-like genes, which became the predominant myeloid celltype post-infection. This work uncovers features relevant to viral disease tolerancein bats, lays a foundation for future experimental work, and serves as a resourcefor comparative immunology studies.

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.10.008

Source: https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(22)00549-0