美国洛克菲勒大学Alipasha Vaziri课题组利用光珠显微镜在细胞分辨率下实现对神经活动进行高速、全皮层的体积记录。相关论文于2021年8月30日在线发表在《自然—方法学》杂志上。

研究人员报道了光珠显微镜（LBM），这是一种可扩展的、时空上最佳的采集方法，只受荧光寿命的限制，其中一组轴向分离的、时间上不同的灶点近乎同时记录整个轴向成像范围，实现每秒1.41×10⁸个体素的体积记录。利用LBM，研究人员展示了小鼠皮层多种尺度的中观和体积成像，包括在~3×5×0.5毫米的体积内，以~5赫兹的速度记录含有20万个神经元的细胞分辨率，在~5.4×6×0.5毫米的体积内，以~2赫兹的速度记录100万个神经元群体，以及更高速（9.6赫兹）的亚细胞分辨率的体积记录。LBM为发现哺乳动物大脑皮层范围内信息编码和处理的神经计算提供了一个机会。

据了解，双光子显微镜已经能够对脑组织内的神经活动深度进行高分辨率的成像。然而，它的各种应用并没有克服速度和时空取样之间的权衡，而这是在细胞分辨率和解决钙瞬态兼容的速度下实现神经活动中尺度体积记录所必需的。

附：英文原文

Title: High-speed, cortex-wide volumetric recording of neuroactivity at cellular resolution using light beads microscopy

Author: Demas, Jeffrey, Manley, Jason, Tejera, Frank, Barber, Kevin, Kim, Hyewon, Traub, Francisca Martnez, Chen, Brandon, Vaziri, Alipasha

Issue&Volume: 2021-08-30

Abstract: Two-photon microscopy has enabled high-resolution imaging of neuroactivity at depth within scattering brain tissue. However, its various realizations have not overcome the tradeoffs between speed and spatiotemporal sampling that would be necessary to enable mesoscale volumetric recording of neuroactivity at cellular resolution and speed compatible with resolving calcium transients. Here, we introduce light beads microscopy (LBM), a scalable and spatiotemporally optimal acquisition approach limited only by fluorescence lifetime, where a set of axially separated and temporally distinct foci record the entire axial imaging range near-simultaneously, enabling volumetric recording at 1.41×108 voxels per second. Using LBM, we demonstrate mesoscopic and volumetric imaging at multiple scales in the mouse cortex, including cellular-resolution recordings within ~3×5×0.5mm volumes containing >200,000 neurons at ~5Hz and recordings of populations of ~1 million neurons within ~5.4×6×0.5mm volumes at ~2Hz, as well as higher speed (9.6Hz) subcellular-resolution volumetric recordings. LBM provides an opportunity for discovering the neurocomputations underlying cortex-wide encoding and processing of information in the mammalian brain.

DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01239-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-021-01239-8