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双重膜样细胞器使正交真核生物翻译的空间分离成为可能
作者:小柯机器人 发布时间:2021/8/28 21:11:56

德国美因兹大学Edward A. Lemke课题组发现,双重膜样细胞器使正交真核生物翻译的空间分离成为可能。2021年8月24日,《细胞》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员表示,通过酶的进化或新的蛋白质设计将新的功能设计到活的真核生物系统中是一项艰巨的挑战。细胞并不完全依靠DNA进化来产生新的功能,而是经常利用膜的封装或无膜细胞器的形成来分离执行复杂操作的不同分子过程。

应用这一原则和二维相分离的概念,研究人员开发了膜状合成细胞器,可支持各种细胞膜表面的蛋白质翻译。这些亚分辨率的合成薄膜提供了一条在同一细胞内制造功能不同的酶的途径。研究人员利用这些膜状细胞器为真核细胞配备了双重正交的扩展遗传密码,使不同的翻译机器能够以单残基的精度进行特定的重编程。在几十纳米范围内对翻译输出进行空间调整的能力不仅对合成生物学很重要,而且对理解细胞内膜相关蛋白凝聚的功能也有意义。

附:英文原文

Title: Dual film-like organelles enable spatial separation of orthogonal eukaryotic translation

Author: Christopher D. Reinkemeier, Edward A. Lemke

Issue&Volume: 2021-08-24

Abstract: Engineering new functionality into living eukaryotic systems by enzyme evolution or de novo protein design is a formidable challenge. Cells do not rely exclusively on DNA-based evolution to generate new functionality but often utilize membrane encapsulation or formation of membraneless organelles to separate distinct molecular processes that execute complex operations. Applying this principle and the concept of two-dimensional phase separation, we develop film-like synthetic organelles that support protein translation on the surfaces of various cellular membranes. These sub-resolution synthetic films provide a path to make functionally distinct enzymes within the same cell. We use these film-like organelles to equip eukaryotic cells with dual orthogonal expanded genetic codes that enable the specific reprogramming of distinct translational machineries with single-residue precision. The ability to spatially tune the output of translation within tens of nanometers is not only important for synthetic biology but has implications for understanding the function of membrane-associated protein condensation in cells.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.001

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00943-0

 

期刊信息
Cell:《细胞》,创刊于1974年。隶属于细胞出版社,最新IF:36.216
官方网址:https://www.cell.com/